Copyright
©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 21, 2018; 24(35): 4000-4013
Published online Sep 21, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i35.4000
Published online Sep 21, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i35.4000
Diagnostic | Prognostic/theragnostic |
Distinguishing HCC from metastasis | Prognostic histomorpholic parameters-tumour grade, vessel invasion, pTNM stage |
Distinguishing benign/preneoplastic lesions from HCC | Identification of Histological variants of prognostic importance |
Diagnosis confirmation of small HCC | Tissue biomarkers-for prognostication |
Diagnosis of liver nodules in non-cirrhotic background | Tissue biomarkers-for assessing presence of therapeutic targets and drug development |
Diagnosis of atypical variants of HCC, which have atypical Imaging findings | Histologic surrogates of clinically relevant molecular signatures-for predicting prognosis |
Combined HCC-CC | Histologic surrogates of clinically relevant molecular signatures-as predictors of potential responders for targeted therapies |
Diagnosis confirmation of HCC in phase III trials of new drugs |
Mandatory | Potentially necessary/helpful | Unwarranted |
Lesion in a cirrhotic patient that lacks typical imaging characteristics | Well-differentiated HCC | HCC, if typical features are present on dynamic imaging technique |
All nodules developing in the non-cirrhotic background | < 2 cm sized HCC, due to hypovascularity in small HCC and lack of typical imaging findings | AFP levels very high in the absence of other known causative tumours |
Combined hepato-cholangiocarcinoma | Predictors of prognosis | Curative resection possible due to risk of needle tract seeding, if biopsied |
Atypical variants of HCC | Teaching and biobanking | |
Identifying stem cell phenotypes | Distinguishing HCC from regenerative nodule, dysplastic nodule, hepatic adenoma, FNH | |
Phase III trials of novel drugs | Morphologic surrogates of molecular signatures | |
Tissue biomarker development and studies | Surrogate biomarkers of MVI in liver biopsy |
- Citation: Rastogi A. Changing role of histopathology in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24(35): 4000-4013
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v24/i35/4000.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i35.4000