Role of endoscopic therapy in early esophageal cancer

Table 1 Comparison of various modalities of endoscopic resection techniques for esophageal cancer

Technique	Focal EMR with ablation	SRER	ESD
Efficacy in ESCC	Curative resection rate 58.6%[34]	Curative resection rate 92.3%[36]	Curative resection rate 99% to 100%[46]
Efficacy in EAC	Eradication of neoplasia 93.4% and eradication of metaplasia 73.1%[75]	Eradication of neoplasia 94.9% and eradication of metaplasia 79.6%[75]	95% to 97% curative resection rate[44,45]
Recurrence	11% for ESCC[34], 1.4% for EAC[75]	0.7% for EAC[75] 6.9 % at one year for ESCC[36]	0.9% to 9.8% for ESCC[58], 0.17% for EAC[56]
Adverse events	Stricture (5% to 14%)[25,61,62], bleeding (1.1%)[75] and perforation (0.2%)[75]	Strictures (33% to 88%)[24,37], bleeding (2.4% to 25%)[24] and perforation (1.3%)[75]	Stricture (15% to 60%)[52], bleeding (0.9% to 6.7%)[52,53] and perforations (3%)[55]

ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EAC: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; SRER: Stepwise radical endoscopic resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.