Fatty liver in hepatitis C patients post-sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the chronic hepatitis C patients prior to direct-acting antivirals treatment and after achieving sustained virological response 12 n (%)

	Prior to DAA treatment (baseline)	Post-SVR 12	P1 value
Demographics
Male	49 (48)	49 (48)	NS
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	60.3 ± 10.7	60.3 ± 10.7	NS
White	37 (37)	37 (37)	NS
Hispanic	26 (26)	26 (26)	NS
African American	13 (13)	13 (13)	NS
Asian	7 (7)	7 (7)	NS
Other	2 (2)	2 (2)	NS
Declined	16 (15)	16 (15)	NS
Clinical
Hypertension	45 (43)	45 (43)	NS
Type 2 diabetes	13 (12.3)	13 (12.3)	NS
Dyslipidemia	8 (7.5)	8 (7.5)	NS
Anthropometric (mean ± SD)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	27.6 ± 6.9	27.5 ± 6.9	NS
Weight (Lbs.)	174.9 ± 46.9	172.7 ± 44.5	NS
Laboratory panel (mean ± SD)
HCV vial load log10 IU/mL	6.2 ± 0.9	0.0 ± 0.0	< 0.0001
HCV genotype
Genotype 1	86 (85)
Genotype 2	15 (14)
Genotype 4	1 (1)
AST (U/L)	51.8 ± 41.1	21.5 ± 8.0	< 0.0001
ALT (U/L)	63.1 ± 62.6	17.8 ± 12.3	< 0.0001
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	77.5 ± 34.0	71.0 ± 24.3	0.004
Albumin (g/dL)	4.3 ± 0.4	4.4 ± 0.4	NS
Bilirubin, total (mg/dL)	0.6 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.3	NS
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	99.1 ± 30.1	102.1 ± 23.5	NS
FibroScan (mean ± SD)
Fibrosis Score (kPa)	7.4 ± 1.9	6.1 ± 3.6	0.013
IQR (%)	12.6 ± 4.9	12.3 ± 5.5	NS

¹P values (2-sided) determined from either a Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables or t-test for continuous variables. DAA: Direct-acting antivirals; SVR: Sustained virological response; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Characteristics of chronic hepatitis C patients after achieving sustained virological response 12 comparing those with and without steatosis n (%)

	Patients without steatosis(CAP < 248 dB/m) (n = 53)	Patients with steatosis(CAP ≥ 248 dB/m) (n = 48)	P1 value
Demographics
Male	25 (47)	27 (56)	NS
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	59.4 ± 11.6	60.9 ± 9.4	NS
White	18 (34)	18 (38)	NS
Hispanic	14 (26)	12 (25)	NS
Clinical
Hypertension	25 (47.2)	20 (41.7)	NS
Dyslipidemia	3 (5.7)	5 (10.4)	0.048
Type 2 diabetes	4 (7.5)	9 (18.7)	0.04
Anthropometric (mean ± SD)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	26.1 ± 6.9	28.9 ± 6.6	0.049
Weight (Lbs.)	161.0 ± 33.4	172.7 ± 44.5	0.005
Hepatology and viral hepatitis panel (mean ± SD)
AST (U/L)	20.2 ± 5.4	22.9 ± 9.8	NS
ALT (U/L)	15.3 ± 5.5	20.4 ± 16.5	0.048
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	70.7 ± 28.2	71.3 ± 19.4	NS
Albumin (g/dL)	4.3 ± 0.2	4.5 ± 0.6	NS
Bilirubin, total (mg/dL)	0.6 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.2	NS
Other laboratory studies (mean ± SD)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	184.8 ± 35.1	179 ± 37.2	NS
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	57.6 ± 18.6	50.8 ± 17.0	NS
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	102.6 ± 33.2	100.7 ± 31.5	NS
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	109.7 ± 63.9	138.9 ± 77.9	0.05
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.6	6.0 ± 0.9	NS
Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL)	96.5 ± 11.1	107.8 ± 30.5	0.023
FibroScan (mean ±SD)
Fibrosis Score (kPa)	5.3 ± 1.6	7.0 ± 4.8	0.0013
CAP (dB/m)	212.4 ± 29.0	296.3 ± 37.4	< 0.0001
% of patient with fibrosis score of (≥ 7 kPa)	0%	6.25%	0.066

¹P values (2-sided) determined from either a Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables or t-test for continuous variables. CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter.

Table 3 Comparison of pre-treatment vs post-sustained virological response characteristics in patients with and without post-sustained virological response steatosis

	Patients without steatosis n = 53			Patients with steatosis n = 48
	Pretreatment	Post SVR	P value	Pretreatment	Post SVR	P value
Body mass index (kg/m2)	25.5 ± 4.0	26.1 ± 6.9	NS	30.0 ± 8.5	29.0 ± 6.6	NS
Weight (Lbs.)	161.9 ± 32.6	161.0 ± 33.4	NS	187.3 ± 55.8	186.1 ± 51.3	NS
Laboratory panel (mean ± SD)
HCV vial load log10 IU/mL	6.1 ± 1.0	0.0 ± 0.0	< 0.0001	6.3 ± 0.8	0.0 ± 0.0	< 0.0001
AST (U/L)	43.3 ± 35.6	20.2 ± 5.4	< 0.0001	61.3 ± 44.7	22.9 ± 9.8	< 0.0001
ALT (U/L)	55.6 ± 60.9	15.3 ± 5.5	< 0.0001	68.78 ± 52.8	20.4 ± 16.5	< 0.0001
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	78.5 ± 43.1	70.8 ± 28.8	0.01	75.5 ± 21.8	71.3 ± 19.4	0.04
Albumin (g/dL)	4.2 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.3	0.006	4.3 ± 0.2	4.5 ± 0.6	0.006
Bilirubin total (mg/dL)	0.6 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.3	NS	0.6 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.2	NS
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	95.6 ± 31.9	96.6 ± 11.1	NS	103.0 ± 27.5	107.8 ± 30.5	NS
FibroScan (mean ± SD)
Fibrosis score (kPa)	7.1 ± 2.1	5.3 ± 1.5	< 0.0001	7.7 ± 1.7	7.0 ± 4.8	0.0037

SVR: Sustained virological response; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.