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©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 7, 2017; 23(9): 1697-1711
Published online Mar 7, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1697
Published online Mar 7, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1697
Table 1 Glucose abnormalities and hepatitis C virus infection
Ref. | Year | Country | Study design | Patients | Patients number | Controls | Controls number | Testing for HCV Ab or RNA | Endpoint | Statistical methods | Association | Statistics |
HCV infection markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||||
Sangiorgio et al[4] | 2000 | Italy | Retrospective | DM | 1514 | HV | 1300 | Ab | HCV | Univariate | Yes | P < 0.0001 |
Chen et al[5] | 2006 | Taiwan | Cross sectional | DM | 820 | HV | 905 | Ab | HCV | Univariate adjusted | Yes | OR = 2.87 [1.51, 5.46]; P < 0.001 |
Huang et al[6] | 2007 | Taiwan | Cross sectional | DM | 1237 | HV | 8595 | RNA | HCV | Univariate | Yes | 6.9% vs 4.5%; P < 0.001 |
Jadoon et al[7] | 2010 | Pakistan | ND | DM | 3000 | HV | 10000 | Ab | HCV | Univariate | Yes | OR = 3.03 [2.64, 3.48]; P = 0.001 |
Balogun et al[53] | 2006 | Nigeria | case-control | DM | 90 | HV2 | 90 | Ab | HCV | Univariate | No | NS |
Costa et al[54] | 2008 | Brazil | Case-control | DM | 206 | HV | 206 | RNA | HCV | Multivariate | No | NS |
Glucose abnormalities in HCV infected patients vs different control groups | ||||||||||||
Vs healthy volunteers | ||||||||||||
Knobler et al[17] | 2000 | Israel | Case-control | HCV | 45 | HV2 | 88 | RNA | DM | Univariate | Yes | 33% vs 5.6%; P < 0.001 |
Mehta et al[8] | 2000 | United States | Cross sectional | HCV | 230 | HV | 9611 | Ab | DM | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 3.77 [1.8, 7.87] |
Marzouk et al[18] | 2007 | Egypt | Cross sectional | HCV | 190 | HV | 575 | RNA | DM | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 3.05 [1.19, 7.81] |
Shaheen et al[19] | 2007 | United States | ND | HCV | 239 | HV | 10144 | ND | IR | Univariate adjusted | Yes | OR = 1.68; P = 0.02 |
Huang et al[6] | 2007 | Taiwan | Cross sectional | HCV | 478 | HV2 | 7927 | RNA | DM | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 1.53 [1.18, 1.98]; P <0.001 |
Huang et al[21] | 2008 | Taiwan | ND | HCV | 683 | HV2 | 515 | RNA | DM/IGT1 | Univariate | Yes | OR = 3.51 [2.7, 4.56]; P < 0.001 |
Park et al[20] | 2008 | South Korea | Prospective | HCV1 | 62 | HV2 | 172 | RNA | IR | Univariate | Yes | 22.5% vs 5.2%; P < 0.001 |
Mohamed et al[22] | 2009 | Egypt | Cross sectional | HCV1 | 38 | HV2 | 12 | RNA | IR | Univariate | Yes | HOMA-IR = 3.98 (normal ALT) and 2.69 (a normal ALT) vs 1.92; P < 0.001 |
Duseja et al[23] | 2009 | India | ND | HCV1 | 85 | HV2 | 25 | RNA | IR | Univariate | Yes | 62% vs 16%; P = 0.0002 |
Lonardo et al[24] | 2009 | Italy | ND | HCV1 | 97 | HV | 182 | RNA | IR | Univariate | Yes | P < 0.001 |
Huang et al[25] | 2009 | Taiwan | ND | HCV1 | 93 | HV | 144 | Ab | IR | Univariate | Yes | HOMA-IR 2.2 vs 1.6; P = 0.02 |
Mostafa et al[26] | 2010 | Egypt | ND | HCV | 329 | HV | 173/795 | RNA | DM | Univariate adjusted | Yes | OR = 1.35 [1.06, 1.73]; P = 0.02 |
Miyajima et al[27] | 2013 | Japan | Cross sectional | HCV | 40 | HV | 1780/88 | RNA | IR | Univariate | Yes | HOMA-IR 3.0 vs 1.3; P < 0.001 |
Younossi et al[28] | 2013 | United States | Retrospective | HCV | 177 | HV | 19568 | RNA | DM and IR | Multivariate | Yes | OR for DM 2.3 [1.18, 4.54] OR for IR 2.06 [1.19, 3.57] |
Pothineni et al[29] | 2014 | United States | Retrospective | HCV | 1434 | HV2 | 14799 | RNA | DM | Univariate | Yes | 11.2% vs 5.1%; P < 0.01 |
Dai et al[30] | 2013 | Taiwan | Retrospective | HCV | 160 | HV2 | 480 | RNA | DM | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 1.208 [1.009, 2.799]; P = 0.004 |
Mehta et al[10] | 2003 | United States | Case-control | HCV | 12 | HV2 | 1072 | RNA | DM | Univariate | No | NS |
Stepanova et al[11] | 2012 | United States | Nationwide survey | HCV | 791 | HV | 38715 | RNA | DM and IR | Multivariate | No | NS |
Montenegro et al[9] | 2013 | Italy | Prospective | HCV | 616 | HV | 1856 | Ab | DM | Univariate adjusted | No | NS |
Ruhl et al[55] | 2014 | United States | Cross sectional | HCV | 277 | HV | 14571 | RNA | DM | Univariate adjusted | No | NS |
Vs hepatitis B virus infection | ||||||||||||
Knobler et al[17] | 2000 | Israel | Case-control | HCV | 45 | HBV | 90 | RNA | DM | Univariate | Yes | 33% vs 12%; P = 0.004 |
Ryu et al[31] | 2001 | South Korea | Prospective | HCV, F4 | 68 | HBV | 157 | Ab | DM | Univariate | Yes | 24% vs 10.4%; P = 0.001 |
Wang et al[32] | 2007 | Taiwan | Longitudinal | HCV | 926 | HBV | 544 | Ab | DM | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 1.7 |
Huang et al[6] | 2007 | Taiwan | Cross sectional | HCV | 478 | HBV | 1363 | RNA | DM | Univariate | Yes | 18% vs 11.4%; P < 0.001 |
Moucari et al[33] | 2008 | France | Retrospective | HCV | 500 | HBV2 | 100 | RNA | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | 35% vs 5%; P < 0.001 |
White et al[12] | 2008 | United States | Meta-analysis | HCV | 34 studies | HBV/ HV | - | Ab/RNA | DM | Meta-analysis | Yes | Adjusted OR for HV 1.68 and for HBV 1.80 |
Rouabhia et al[34] | 2010 | Algeria | Prospective cross sectional | HCV1 | 290 | HBV | 126 | RNA | DM | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 4.73 [1.7, 13.2]; P = 0.0029 |
Petta et al[56] | 2011 | Italy | Retrospective | HCV | 170 | HBV2 | 170 | RNA | HOMA-IR and DM | Univariate | Yes | 42.2% vs 25.9%, P = 0.002 and 8.8% vs 3.6%, P = 0.04 |
Imazeki et al[57] | 2008 | Japan | Retrospective | HCV | 544 | HBV | 286 | RNA | DM and IR | Multivariate | No | NS |
Tanaka et al[58] | 2008 | Japan | Case-control | HCV1 | 30 | HBV2 | 30 | RNA | IR | Multivariate | No | NS |
Mavrogiannaki et al[59] | 2008 | Greece | prospective case control | HCV | 108 | HBV | 81 | RNA | glucose intolerance | Univariate adjusted | No | NS |
Persico et al[60] | 2009 | Italy | Retrospective | HCV | 726 | HBV | 126 | Ab | DM | Univariate adjusted | No | NS |
Table 2 Glucose abnormalities and severe liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus-infected patients
Ref. | Year | Country | Number of HCV patients | Patient profile | Glucose abnormality | Statistical method | Association with severe fibrosis1 | Genotypes | Statistics |
Konrad et al[42] | 2000 | Germany | 10 | Non DM | FPG | Multivariate | Yes | All | P = 0.01 |
Sud et al[61] | 2004 | Australia | 170 | - | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 1.47 [1.14, 1.89]; P = 0.003 |
Muzzi et al[62] | 2005 | Switzerland | 221 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All (except G3) | OR = 1.57 [1.04, 2.39] |
D'souza et al[63] | 2005 | United Kingdom | 59 | - | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | P = 0.001 |
Taura et al[64] | 2006 | Japan | 83 | - | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 7.32 [1.59, 33.73]; P = 0.01 |
Leandro et al[65] | 2006 | Italy | 3068 | - | DM | Multivariate | Yes | G1 | OR = 4.52 [1.07, 19.1]; P = 0.011 |
Bugianesi et al[66] | 2006 | Italy | 132 | G3 with steatosis | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G3 | OR = 2.98 [1.13, 7.89]; P = 0.028 |
Kita et al[67] | 2007 | Japan | 68 | Post tranfusion hepatitis | DM | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 8.4 [2.23, 31.54]; P = 0.002 |
Petta et al[68] | 2008 | Italy | 201 | G1 | DM | Multivariate | Yes | G1 | OR = 2.69 [1.46, 4.95]; P < 0.001 |
Moucari et al[33] | 2008 | France | 500 | - | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 1.8 [1.16, 2.81]; P = 0.009 |
Cua et al[69] | 2008 | Australia | 346 | G1, G3, untreated | IR | Multivariate | Yes | G3 | OR = 3.15 [1.56, 6.35]; P = 0.001 |
Hsu et al[70] | 2009 | Taiwan | 528 | G1, G2 | FPG | Multivariate | Yes | G1 | OR = 13.72 [2.15, 87.7]; P < 0.05 |
Moucari et al[71] | 2009 | France | 226 | G4 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G4 | OR = 3.86 [1.859, 8.034]; P < 0.001 |
Persico et al[60] | 2009 | Italy | 726 | - | DM | Multivariate | Yes | All | P < 0.05 |
Hung et al[14] | 2011 | Taiwan | 1470 | - | DM | Univariate | Yes | All | P < 0.001 |
Patel et al[72] | 2011 | Asia | 263 | G2, G3 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G2 and G3 | OR = 8.42 [2.1, 34.3]; P = 0.003 |
Mohamed et al[73] | 2011 | Egypt | 50 | G4 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G4 | OR = 3.73; P = 0.001 |
Miyaaki et al[74] | 2011 | Japan | 171 | - | DM | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 8.739 [2.85, 26.85]; P = 0.0002 |
Conjeevaram et al[75] | 2011 | United States | 341 | G1 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G1 | OR = 1.28 [1.07, 1.51]; P = 0.005 |
Petta et al[56] | 2011 | Italy | 170 | G1 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G1 | OR = 2.64 [1.11, 6.28]; P = 0.02 |
Khattab et al[76] | 2012 | Egypt | 107 | G4 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G4 | OR = 1.87 [1.09, 8.29]; P = 0.04 |
Ziada et al[77] | 2012 | Egypt | 140 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 1.92 [0.97, 3.4]; P = 0.049 |
Thompson et al[13] | 2012 | United States | 1038 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 1.6 [1.1, 2.33]; P = 0.02 |
Alfaleh et al[78] | 2013 | Saudi Arabia | 157 | - | DM | Multivariate | Yes | All (except G4) | OR = 0.37 [0.148, 0.927]; P = 0.034 |
Dokmeci et al[79] | 2014 | Turkey | 104 | - | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 3.36 [1.32, 31.25]; P = 0.021 |
Huang et al[80] | 2015 | Taiwan | 1077 | - | DM | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR = 1.81 [1.14, 2.65]; P = 0.002 |
Fartoux et al[81] | 2005 | France | 141 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Univariate | No | No | NS |
Elgouhari et al[82] | 2008 | United States | 183 | - | DM | Multivariate | No | No | NS |
Petta et al[83] | 2009 | Italy | 156 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | No | No | NS |
Rueger et al[84] | 2014 | Switzerland | 1461 | - | DM | Multivariate | No | No | NS |
Table 3 Impact of glucose abnormalities on virological response after interferon alpha based treatment
Ref. | Year | Country | Patients number | Patient profile | Association | Statistical method | Impact on virological response | Genotypes | Statistics |
D'souza et al[63] | 2005 | United Kingdom | 59 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of SVR: 0.44 [0.22, 0.88]; P = 0.02 | |
Tarantino et al[85] | 2005 | Italy | 80 | GMI | Univariate | Yes | All | 40% vs 7.5%; P = 0.0009 | |
Romero-Gomez et al[86] | 2005 | Spain | 159 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of SVR 0.55 [0.33, 0.93]; P = 0.012 | |
Jian Wu et al[87] | 2006 | China | 98 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of SVR: 0.17; P = 0.015 | |
Backus et al[88] | 2007 | United States | 5944 | G1, G2, G3 | DM | Multivariates | Yes | All and G1 | OR = 0.76 [0.64, 0.71]; P = 0.002 |
Conjeevaram et al[89] | 2007 | United States | 401 | G1 | HOMA-IR | Multivariates | Yes | G1 | OR = 0.87 [0.77, 0.99]; P = 0.028 |
Elgouhari et al[82] | 2008 | United States | 183 | DM | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of SVR 0.22 [0.07, 0.55]; P = 0.003 | |
Poustchi et al[90] | 2008 | Australia | 82 | G2, G3 non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G2, G3 | OR of SVR 0.16 [0.03, 0.77]; P = 0.02 |
Romero-Gomez et al[91] | 2008 | Spain | 1059 | FPG | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of SVR 0.56 [0.34, 0.93]; P < 0.02 | |
Moucari et al[71] | 2009 | France | 226 | G4 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | - | OR of SVR: 0.19 [0.07, 0.51]; P = 0.001 |
Dai et al[92] | 2009 | Taiwan | 330 | G1, G2 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G1, G2 | OR of SVR 0.872 [0.79, 097]; P = 0.01 |
Hung et al[115] | 2010 | Taiwan | 1470 | DM | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of SVR 0.69 [0.5, 0.96]; P = 0.029 | |
Khattab et al[93] | 2010 | Egypt | 131 | Non DM, G4 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G4 | OR of SVR 0.07 [0.01, 0.43]; P = 0.004 |
Deltenre et al[94] | 2011 | France | 2732 | G1-6 | IR | Meta-analysis | Yes | All | - |
Eslam et al[95] | 2011 | 2129 | G1-6 | IR | Meta-analysis | Yes | All | OR of SVR 0.35 [0.24, 0.51]; P = 0.0004 | |
Del Campo et al[96] | 2012 | Spain | 240 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G1, G4 | OR of SVR 0.44 [0.17, 0.97]; P = 0.04 |
Ziada et al[77] | 2012 | Egypt | 140 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of SVR 0.41 [0.18, 0.9]; P = 0.003 |
Laurito et al[97] | 2013 | Brazil | 2238 | G1-6 | IR | Meta-analysis | Yes | All | OR of SVR 0.41 [0.3, 0.56]; P = 0.022 |
Abd El-Wahab et al[98] | 2014 | Egypt | 392 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | All | OR of virological response: 0.19 [0.1, 0.38]; P = 0.0001 |
Grasso et al[99] | 2009 | Italy | 90 | Non DM, G1 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | No | G1 | NS |
Fattovich et al[100] | 2010 | Italy | 412 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | No | No | NS | |
Khattab et al[76] | 2012 | Egypt | 107 | G4 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | No | G4 | NS |
Brandman et al[101] | 2012 | United States | 23 | Non DM | IGT, FGP, SSGP | Univariate | No | No | NS |
Aghemo et al[102] | 2012 | Italy | 339 | HOMA-IR | Univariate | No | No | NS | |
Fattovich et al[100] | 2012 | Italy | 124 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | No | No | NS |
Serfaty et al[103] | 2012 | France | 1611 | G4 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | No | G4 | NS |
Alfaleh et al[78] | 2013 | Saudi Arabia | 157 | DM | Multivariate | No | No | NS | |
Younossi et al[104] | 2013 | United States | 5781 | G1 | HOMA-IR | Univariate adjusted | No | G1 | NS |
Jung et al[105] | 2014 | Soutk Korea | 60 | HOMA-IR | Univariate | No | No | NS |
Table 4 Glucose abnormalities after interferon alpha based treatment
Ref. | Year | Country | Number of HCV patients | Patient profile | Glucose metabolism parameter | Statistical method | Significant association or difference | Genotypes | Statistics |
Improvement of glucose abnormalities after HCV treatment | |||||||||
Konrad et al[42] | 2000 | United States | 13 | FPG and FI | Univariate | Yes | All | P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 | |
Romero-Gomez et al[86] | 2005 | Spain | 50 | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | All | In SVR; P < 0.05 | |
Kawaguchi et al[106] | 2007 | Japan | 89 | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | All | In SVR; P < 0.01 | |
Chehadeh et al[107] | 2009 | Kuwait | 181 | G4 | FPG | Univariate | Yes | G4 | In SVR; P < 0.001 |
Kim et al[108] | 2009 | Korea | 28 | G1, G2 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate | Yes | G1, G2 | In SVR, OR of decreased IR 50 [3.74, 668.35]; P = 0.003 |
Conjeevaram et al[75] | 2011 | United States | 341 | G1 | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | G1 | In SVR; P < 0.001 |
Khattab et al[76] | 2012 | Egypt | 107 | G4, non cirrhotic | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | G4 | In SVR ; P = 0.001 |
Thompson et al[13] | 2012 | United States | 1038 | HOMA-IR | Multivariate1 | Yes | All | In G1 SVR; P = 0.007 | |
Serfaty et al[103] | 2012 | France | 161 | G1, non cirrhotic | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | G1 | In SVR ; P < 0.05 |
Ziada et al[77] | 2012 | Egypt | 140 | Non DM, non cirrhotic | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | All | P = 0.009 |
Chan et al[109] | 2013 | Australia | 86 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | All | In SVR; P = 0.04 |
Jung et al[105] | 2014 | South Korea | 60 | HOMA-IR | Univariate | Yes | All | In SVR; P = 0.036 | |
Mello et al[110] | 2006 | Brazil | 30 | G1, G3 | HOMA-IR | Univariate | No | All | NS |
Kawaguchi et al[111] | 2009 | Japan | 72 | Non DM, non cirrhotic | HOMA-IR, SI and ISI | Univariate1 | No | No | HOMA-IR: NS In SVR, SI P = 0.002 and ISI P = 0.009 |
Brandman et al[101] | 2012 | United States | 23 | Non cirrhotic | SSGP | Univariate | No | No | NS |
Occurrence of glucose abnormalities after HCV treatment | |||||||||
Simó et al[112] | 2006 | Spain | 234 | Non DM | DM or IGT | Multivariate1 | Yes | All | In SVR, OR = 0.48 [0.24, 0.48]; P = 0.04 |
Romero-Gomez et al[91] | 2008 | Spain | 1059 | DM or IGT | Multivariate1 | Yes | All | In SVR, OR = 0.44 [0.2, 0.97]; P = 0.04 | |
Arase et al[113] | 2009 | Japan | 2842 | DM | Multivariate1 | Yes | All | In SVR, HR = 0.36 [0.24; 0.56] | |
Aghemo et al[102] | 2012 | Italy | 339 | Non DM | HOMA-IR | Multivariate1 | Yes | All | In SVR, OR = 0.36 [0.18, 0.72]; P = 0.004 |
Giordanino et al[114] | 2008 | Italy | 202 | Non DM | DM or IGT | Multivariate1 | No | No | NS |
Table 5 Glucose abnormalities and hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-infected patients
Ref. | Year | Country | Patient number | Patient profile | Association | Statistical method | Association DM and HCC | Statistics |
Diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance in HCV-related HCC | ||||||||
K-Kutala et al[15] | 2014 | France | 162 | HCC, not treated for HCV | DM and HCC | Multivariate | Yes3 | HR = 3.13 [1.17, 8.38]; P = 0.0223 |
Hung et al[115] | 2010 | Taiwan | 188 | 59 HCC; 129 non-HCC | DM and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 11.6 [2.500, 53.800]; P = 0.002 |
Hung et al[115] | 2010 | Taiwan | 188 | 59 HCC; 129 non-HCC | HOMA-IR and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 2.0 [1.35, 3]; P = 0.001 |
Khattab et al[116] | 2012 | Egypt | 294 | 147 HCC; 147 non-HCC | HOMA-IR and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 2.5 [1.7, 3.69]; P = 0.001 |
Mohamed et al[73] | 2011 | Egypt | 100 | 50 HCC; 50 non-HCC; 20 non HCV | HOMA-IR and HCC | Univariate | No | NS |
Diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance and development of HCC in HCV-infected patients | ||||||||
Chen et al[117] | 2008 | Taiwan | 1095 | - | DM and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | OR = 3.52 [1.29, 9.24] |
Veldt et al[16] | 2008 | Europe | 541 | DM and HCC | Multivariate | Yes3 | OR = 3.28 [1.35, 7.97]; P = 0.0093 | |
Konishi et al[118] | 2009 | Japan | 197 | Non DM, treated for HCV | DM1 and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 4.63 [1.677, 12.766]; P = 0.003 |
Hung et al[14] | 2010 | Taiwan | 1470 | Treated for HCV | DM and HCC | Multivariate | Yes2 | HR = 4.32 [1.23, 15.25]; P = 0.0232 |
Nkontchou et al[119] | 2010 | France | 248 | Cirrhotics | HOMA-IR and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 1.10 [1.01, 1.21]; P = 0.026 |
Takahashi et al[120] | 2011 | Japan | 203 | Non DM, treated for HCV | DM1 and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 6.9 [1.7, 28.4]; P < 0.05 |
Arase et al[121] | 2013 | Japan | 4302 | Non treated for HCV | DM and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 1.73 [1.3, 2.3]; P < 0.001 |
Elkrief et al[45] | 2014 | France | 348 | Cirrhotics | DM | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 1.938 [1.129 , 3.328]; P = 0.016 |
Toyoda et al[122] | 2015 | Japan | 522 | Patients with SVR | DM and HCC | Multivariate | Yes | HR = 2.08 [1.0170, 4.0133]; P = 0.045 |
Lai et al[123] | 2006 | Taiwan | 2141 | - | DM and HCC | Multivariate | No | NS |
Chen et al[124] | 2013 | Taiwan | 5186 | - | DM and HCC | Multivariate | No | NS |
- Citation: Desbois AC, Cacoub P. Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus infection: A contemporary review. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(9): 1697-1711
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i9/1697.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1697