Characteristics of fecal microbial communities in patients with non-anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation

doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8217

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2017; 23(46): 8217-8226
Published online Dec 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8217

Table 1 Characteristics of subjects n (%)

	Healthy,(n = 10)	Post-LT
	Healthy,(n = 10)	Uncomplicated, (n = 10)	NAS,(n = 10)
Age (yr)	38 ± 12	43 ± 11	42 ± 9
Male	9 (90.0)	8 (80.0)	8 (80.0)
BMI (kg/m²)	23.3 ± 2.5	22.1 ± 2.6	22.4 ± 2.7
Current smoking	3 (30.0)	2 (10.0)	0
Current drinking	2 (20.0)	0	0
Blood routine test
HB (g/L)	122.5 ± 12.7	129.0 ± 20.0	127.4 ± 9.0
WBC (×10⁹)	6.0 ± 1.7	5.1 ± 2.2	5.2 ± 2.5
Neu (%)	59.6 ± 14.8	66.4 ± 16.4	64.3 ± 20.0
Liver function
AST (U/L)	21.3 (7.9-39.6)	41.0 (13.0-93.0)	57.1 (17.0-107.0)^a^c
ALT (U/L)	20.1 (14.6-34.4)	49.3 (12.0-89.1)	57.3 (18.0-111.0)^a^c
ALP (U/L)	77.3 ± 31.7	93.9 ± 17.2	332.8 ± 52.4^a^c
GGT (U/L)	27.2 ± 8.2	53.3 ± 35.6	226.4 ± 83.4^a^c
TB (μmol/L)	13.7 ± 6.7	27.4 ± 17.6	104.43 ± 47.8^a^c
DB (μmol/L)	5.4 ± 3.1	12.5 ± 8.6	43.8 ± 6.8^a^c
ALB (g/L)	41.1 ± 2.9	41.9 ± 5.3	34.1 ± 5.0^a^c

Healthy: Healthy non-LT individuals, n = 10; NAS: Patients diagnosed with non-anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation, n = 10; Uncomplicated: Patients with no complications after liver transplantation, n = 10. Blood routine tests and liver function indexes were obtained within 48 h before sample collecting. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (range), or percentage where appropriate.

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control group;

^cP < 0.05 vs uncomplicated group. BMI: Body mass index; HGB: Hemoglobin, WBC: White blood cells; Neu%: Neutrophil ratio; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; LT: Liver transplantation.

Table 2 Operative characteristics of post-liver transplantation patients n (%)

	Uncomplicated, (n = 10)	NAS,(n = 10)	P value
Primary disease
HBV cirrhosis	8 (80.0)	8 (80.0)	0.568
HBV SALF	0 (0.0)	1 (10.0)
HCC	1 (10.0)	1 (10.0)
DILI	1 (10.0)	0 (0.0)
Child-Pugh classification
A	1 (10.0)	1 (10.0)	0.834
B	4 (40.0)	4 (40.0)
C	5 (50.0)	5 (50.0)
WIT (min)	7 ± 2	8 ± 0	0.108
CIT (h)	7 ± 1	6 ± 1	0.291
Total operation duration (min)	366 ± 80	377 ± 62	0.893
Anhepatic phase (min)	46 ± 10	49 ± 7	0.513
Bleeding Volume (mL)	1760 ± 347	1311 ± 268	0.329
T-tube insertion	8 (80.00)	7 (70.00)	0.906
Median time from LT to NAS (m)	-	9 (5-13)	-
Median time from LT to SC (m)	15 (6-36)	21 (13-32)	0.129

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control group, ^cP < 0.05 vs uncomplicated group. SALF: Subacute liver failure; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; DILI: Drug-induced liver injury; WIT: Warm ischemia time; CIT: Cold ischemia time; SC: Sample collecting; LT: Liver transplantation.

Table 3 OTUs distribution in the three groups at different levels

	Healthy (n = 10)	Post-LT
	Healthy (n = 10)	Uncomplicated (n = 10)	NAS (n = 10)
Phylum	969 ± 43	443 ± 75^a	568 ± 122^a
Class	969 ± 43	443 ± 75^a	568 ± 122^a
Order	969 ± 43	443 ± 75^a	567 ± 122^a
Family	889 ± 37	413 ± 68^a	525 ± 110^a
Genus	414 ± 14	254 ± 35^a	261 ± 44^a
Species	129 ± 7	88 ± 9^a	81 ± 11^a

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control group. LT: Liver transplantation.

Table 4 α-diversity indexes in the three groups

	Healthy(n = 10)	Post-LT
	Healthy(n = 10)	Uncomplicated(n = 10)	NAS(n = 10)
Chao1 Index	649.30 ± 34.76	269.70 ± 45.09^a	303.44 ± 76.86^a
ACE	834.03 ± 59.10	346.72 ± 67.73^a	413.30 ± 88.68^a
Simpson	0.91 ± 0.01	0.81 ± 0.02^a	0.75 ± 0.04^a
Shannon	5.71 ± 0.26	3.73 ± 0.33^a	3.65 ± 0.50^a

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control group. LT: Liver transplantation.

Table 5 Main bacterial families contributing to the changes in microbial community

Phylum	Class	Family	Healthy (n = 10)	Post-LT
Phylum	Class	Family	Healthy (n = 10)	Uncomplicated (n = 10)	NAS (n = 10)
Bacteroidetes	Bacteroidia	Bacteroidaceae	11.60% ± 5.33%	16.20% ± 3.20%	2.70% ± 0.97%^a^c
Bacteroidetes	Bacteroidia	Prevotellaceae	11.60% ± 4.56%	0.00% ± 0.00%^a	0.70% ± 0.08%^a
Firmicutes	Bacilli	Enterococcaceae	0.00% ± 0.00%	1.20% ± 0.45%^a	2.60% ± 0.87%^a^c
		Leuconostocaceae	0.00% ± 0.00%	0.70% ± 0.20%	0.40% ± 0.05%
		Streptococcaceae	0.30% ± 0.11%	3.90% ± 1.05%^a	8.60% ± 4.10%^a^c
		Lachnospiraceae	21.50% ± 6.78%	9.80% ± 2.45%^a	10.50% ± 3.44%^a
		Ruminococcaceae	30.90% ± 6.78%	7.00% ± 3.16%^a	11.20% ± 2.33%^a
Proteobacteria	γ-proteobacteria	Enterobacteriaceae	0.70% ± 0.35%	12.80% ± 2.56%^a	27.60% ± 7.06%^a^c
Proteobacteria	γ-proteobacteria	Pseudomonadaceae	0.00% ± 0.00%	0.00% ± 0.00%	5.90% ± 3.16%^a^c
Verrucomicrobia	Verrucomicrobiae	Verrucomicrobiaceae	0.10% ± 0.09%	0.40% ± 0.16%^a	0.40% ± 0.05%^a

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control group,

^cP < 0.05 vs uncomplicated group. LT: Liver transplantation.

Citation: Zhang J, Ren FG, Liu P, Zhang HK, Zhu HY, Feng Z, Zhang XF, Wang B, Liu XM, Zhang XG, Wu RQ, Lv Y. Characteristics of fecal microbial communities in patients with non-anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(46): 8217-8226
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i46/8217.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8217