Validated preoperative computed tomography risk estimation for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence

Table 1 Quantitative and qualitative factors associated with recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection

Risk factor				Follow-up recurrence		P value
				Yes	No
MVI	Positive			22	22	0.000b
	Negative			16	68
MVI-negative cases
Hepatic capsular invasion	Positive			4	29	0.193
	Negative			12	39
Ki67				30.3 ± 20.4	28.0 ± 21.0	0.686
E-S grade1	I			1	6	0.646
	II			8	36
	III			7	26
Largest tumor diameter, cm				5.5 ± 3.0	4.8 ± 2.6	0.366
Arterial phase enhanced ratio				0.62 ± 0.34	0.66 ± 0.40	0.725
Portovenous phase enhanced ratio				0.77 ± 0.23	0.80 ± 0.33	0.685
Tumor capsule	Complete			3	35	0.023a
	Incomplete			7	19
	Negative			6	14
Necrosis	Positive			8	28	0.521
	Negative			8	40
Tumor margins	Smooth			9	56	0.019a
	Focal extranodular			5	11
	Multinodular			2	1
Peritumoral enhancement	Positive			2	3	0.24
	Negative			14	65
AFP, ng/mL				336.8 ± 480.4	357.6 ± 505.6	0.882
TK1, U/L				5.7 ± 7.8	2.6 ± 2.5	0.377

¹E-S classification rubric as in ref. 23.

^bP < 0.01 and

^aP < 0.05, statistically significant; Statistics are presented as mean ± SD. AFP: α-fetoprotein; E-S: Edmondson-Steiner; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MVI: Microvascular invasion; TK1: Thymidine kinase-1.