Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have increased risk of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases

Table 1 Participants’ demographic data

Variables	IBD	Control	UC	Control	CD	Control	Both1	Control
n	47325	92839	31066	60951	13343	26172	2916	5716
Female	54%	55%	53%	53%	58%	58%	56%	56%
Male	46%	45%	47%	47%	42%	42%	44%	44%
Mean age at entry, yr	53	53	55	55	49	49	47	47
Mean age at onset of IBD, yr	42	-	44	-	37	-	34	-
Mean duration of IBD at entry, yr	10	-	9	-	10	-	11	-
Comorbidity 02	77%	83%	76.50%	82.00%	77%	85%	82%	87%
Comorbidity 1-2	18%	13.50%	18.00%	14%	18%	12%	15%	10%
Comorbidity ≥ 3	5%	3.50%	5.50%	4%	5%	3%	3%	3%

¹Patients registered with both CD and UC;

²No. of comorbidities at onset of IBD according to the Charlson comorbidity index. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.

Table 2 Number of immune mediated diseases

Disease	IBD	Control	CD	Control	UC	Control	Both1	Control
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	257	4	35	1	192	2	30	1
Pyoderma gangrenosum	193	8	60	1	97	7	36	0
Autoimmune hepatitis	124	35	15	11	96	22	13	2
Celiac disease	280	92	133	30	132	58	15	4
Ankylosing spondylitis	431	151	189	32	201	102	41	17
Churg Strauss syndrome	14	5	4	1	8	4	2	0
Primary biliary cholangitis	71	32	11	6	53	25	7	1
Episcleritis	56	33	25	9	23	21	8	3
Iridocyclitis	419	295	148	82	230	188	41	25
Atrophic gastritis	60	47	16	11	42	34	2	2
Psoriasis	378	345	148	99	200	229	30	17
Polyarteritis nodosa	42	38	15	9	24	27	3	2
Rheumatoid arthritis	446	401	119	110	250	311	32	25
Type 1 diabetes	1682	1464	359	431	1002	1180	103	71
Sarcoidosis	141	122	29	38	79	94	14	9
Asthma	1140	981	337	363	568	695	76	82
Giant cell arteritis	193	156	37	46	116	141	3	6
Psoriatic arthritis	316	249	81	93	147	206	21	17
Grave's disease	817	581	141	207	394	561	46	49
Polymyalgia rheumatica	468	320	72	122	242	324	6	22

¹Patients registered with both CD and UC. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.

Table 3 Odds-ratios for immune mediated diseases, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Disease	IBD	95%CI	UC	95%CI	CD	95%CI	Both1	95%CI
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	126.7a	47.2-340.3	189.5a	47.0-763.4	68.8a	9.4-502.6	59.4a	8.1-436.2
Pyoderma gangrenosum	47.5a	23.4-96.4	27.3a	12.7-58.7	118.2a	16.4-853.3	36/0a2
Autoimmune hepatitis	7.0a	4.8-10.1	8.6a	5.4-13.6	2.7b	1.2-5.8	12.8a	2.9-56.8
Celiac disease	6.0a	4.7-7.6	4.5a	3.3-6.1	8.8a	5.9-13.0	7.4a	2.4-22.3
Ankylosing spondylitis	5.6a	4.7-6.8	3.9a	3.1-4.9	11.7a	8.1-17.1	4.8a	2.7-8.4
Churg Strauss syndrome	5.5a	2.0-15.3	3.9b	1.2-13.0	-c		-c
Primary biliary cholangitis	4.4a	2.9-6.6	4.2a	2.6-6.7	3.6b	1.3-9.7	13.8b	1.7-111.9
Episcleritis	3.3a	2.2-5.1	2.1b	1.2-3.9	5.5a	2.5-11.7	5.2b	1.4-19.8
Iridocyclitis	2.8a	2.4-3.3	2.4a	2.0-2.9	3.6a	2.7-4.7	3.2a	2.0-5.4
Atrophic gastritis	2.5a	1.7-3.7	2.4a	1.5-3.8	2.9b	1.3-6.2	-c
Psoriasis	2.2a	1.9-2.5	1.7a	1.4-2.1	3.0a	2.3-3.8	3.5a	1.9-6.5
Polyarteritis nodosa	2.2a	1.4-3.4	1.7b	1.0-3.0	3.3b	1.4-7.5	-c
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.8a	1.5-2.0	1.6a	1.3-1.9	2.1a	1.6-2.8	2.5a	1.5-4.2
Type 1 diabetes	1.7a	1.6-1.9	1.7a	1.6-1.8	1.7a	1.4-1.9	2.9a	2.2-3.9
Sarcoidosis	1.7a	1.3-2.2	1.7a	1.2-2.2	-c		3.1b	1.9-4.8
Asthma	1.7a	1.6-1.9	1.6a	1.4-1.8	1.8a	1.6-2.1	1.8a	1.3-2.5
Giant cell arteritis	1.6a	1.3-2.0	1.6a	1.3-2.1	1.6b	1.0-2.4	-c
Psoriatic arthritis	1.5a	1.3-1.8	1.4b	1.1-1.7	1.7a	1.3-2.3	2.4b	1.3-4.6
Grave's disease	1.4a	1.3-1.6	1.4a	1.2-1.6	1.3b	1.1-1.7	1.9b	1.2-2.8
Polymyalgia rheumatica	1.3a	1.2-1.5	1.5a	1.2-1.7	-c		-c

^aP < 0.00125;

^bP = 0.00125-0.05;

^cP > 0.05;

¹Patients registered with both CD and UC;

²No. of cases in IBD cohort/No. of cases in control cohort. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.

Table 4 Odds-ratios for immune mediated diseases restricted to either gender

Disease	Females	95%CI	Males	95%CI
IBD
Episcleritis	3.6a	2.1-6.1	2.9b	1.4-6.1
Atrophic gastritis	3.5a	2.1-5.9	-c
Polyarteritis nodosa	2.6a	1.5-4.5	-c
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.9a	1.6-2.2	1.4b	1.1-1.9
Giant cell arteritis	1.7a	1.3-2.2	-c
Psoriatic arthritis	1.6a	1.3-2.0	1.4b	1.1-1.9
Polymyalgia rheumatica	1.5a	1.3-1.8	-c
Sarcoidosis	1.5b	1.1-2.2	1.9a	1.3-2.6
UC
Atrophic gastritis	3.1a	1.7-5.8	-c
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.7a	1.4-2.1
Giant cell arteritis	1.7a	1.3-2.3	-c
Polymyalgia rheumatica	1.6a	1.3-2.0	-c
CD
Episclerit	5.9a	2.4-15.0	4.5b	1.2-17.5
Rheumatoid arthritis	2.3a	1.7-3.0	-c
Psoriatic arthritis	2.0a	1.3-2.8	-c
Sarcoidosis	-c		3.2a	1.6-6.6
Both1
Iridocyklitis	3.6a	1.9-6.8	2.7	1.2-6.2
Celiac disease	6.0a	1.9-18.6	3/0b2
Autoimmune hepatitis	17.9a	2.3-141.5	7.8b	0.9-69.8

^aP < 0.00125;

^bP = 0.0125-0.05;

^cP > 0.05;

¹Patients registered with both CD and UC;

²No. of cases in IBD cohort/No. of cases in control cohort. CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.