Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a country with a high occurrence of Helicobacter pylori

Table 1 Consumption of medications

	Major symptoms		No major symptoms
	Frequent	Occasional
Antacids/alginate	31.2%	26.9%	9.2%
Acid inhibitors	28.2%	21.5%	7.2%
Aspirin	40.0%	40.9%	45.1%
NSAIDs	29.0%	30.1%	22.2%

NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Table 2 Body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux disease prevalence

	Total	GERD
	n	n (%)
BMI (kg/m2)
≤ 18.5	107	16 (15.0)
18.6 - 24.9	1272	254 (20.0)
25.0 - 29.9	1110	257 (23.2)
30+	492	140 (28.5)
Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test	P < 0.0001

BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Table 3 Prevalence of additional symptoms according to symptom frequency

(χ2)	Frequent	Occasional	None
NCCP (179)	35.9%ac	30.2%a	13.7%
Dysphagia (230)	24.5%a	18.6%a	4.6%
Belching (221)	36.8%a	28.3%	11.9%
Nausea (601)	29.7%a	10.6%	3.4%
Vomiting (417)	15.7%a	3.4%	0.9%
Hematemesis (33)	2.6%a	1.4%	0.2%
Hiccup (68)	6.4%a	7.0%a	1.2%
Cough (70)	16.3%a	11.7%	5.9%
Asthma (24)	8.2%a	3.8%	3.7%
Hoarseness (48)	6.2%a	4.0%	1.3%
Chronic pharyngitis (32)	8.4%a	7.2%a	3.3%

^aP < 0.05 vs subjects without symptoms;

^cP < 0.05 vs subjects with occasional symptoms. NCCP: Noncardiac chest pain.

Table 4 Prevalence of additional symptoms in studies using the Mayo questionnaire

	Olmsted (United States)[1]	Turkey	Moscow (Russia)[17]	Argentina[18]	North West China[8]
NCCP	23.1	35.9	15.5	37.6	34.7
Dysphagia	13.5	24.5	25.5	26.8	6.5
Odynophagia	-	-	34.4	-	10.7
Globus	7.0	23.8	25.5	26.3	15.2
Dyspepsia	10.6	-	60.2	38.7	29.3
Belching	-	36.8	43.0	-	-
Nausea	-	29.7	53.8	-	-
Vomiting	-	15.7	29.1	-	-
Hiccup	-	6.4	6.8	-	-
Cough	-	16.3	36.7	-	8.9
Asthma	9.3	8.2	-	6.7	4.2
Pharyngeal symptoms and Hoarseness	14.3	7.3	10.4	21.8	9.4

NCCP: Noncardiac chest pain.