Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs

Table 1 Baseline demographics n (%)

	Group I (n = 23)	Group II (n = 27)
Age (mean, sd)	43.3 (13.8)	40.6 (13.3)
Gender
Male	6 (26)	1 (4)
Female	17 (73)	26 (96)
Ethnicity
Maori	1 (4)	1 (4)
European	23	26
Type of IBS
Diarrhoea	16 (69)	16 (59)
Constipation	3 (13)	2 (9)
Mixed	5 (22)	9 (33)
Dietary Pattern
Minimally restricted diet	20	24
Gluten free	0	2
Lactose free	2	1
Gluten and lactose free	1	0

Table 2 FODMAP, fibre and calcium intakes

	Baseline	3 mo	6 mo
Total Energy (MJ/d)
Group I	10.6 ± 3.5	8.4 ± 3.2b	10.1 ± 2.9d
Group II	10.6 ± 2.8	9.7 ± 2.8a	9.5 ± 2.9
Total FODMAP (g/d)
Group I	28 ± 15	12 ± 8b	22 ± 11b
Group II	29 ± 12	28 ± 18	22 ± 15bc
Lactose (g/d)
Group I	16 ± 12	7 ± 8b	14 ± 11
Group II	15 ± 11	18 ± 19	13 ± 14c
Excess Fructose (g/d)
Group I	4 ± 3	1 ± 1.5a	2 ± 2a
Group II	6 ± 6	4 ± 3	3 ± 2a
FOS (g/d)
Group I	2.6 ± 1.7	1.3 ± 0.3b	1.9 ± 0.8c
Group II	3.0 ± 1.1	2.5 ± 0.9a	2.0 ± 0.8b
GOS (g/d)
Group I	1.3 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.7b	1.3 ± 0.8d
Group II	1.4 ± 1.0	1.0 (0.7)b	1.2 ± 1.1
Sorbitol (g/d)
Group I	2.2 ± 1.4	0.7 ± 0.4b	1.1 ± 0.7ac
Group II	3.0 ± 1.3	2.9 ± 2.5	1.9 ± 1.5a
Mannitol (g/d)
Group I	1.2 ± 1.3	0.4 ± 0.4a	0.8 ± 0.8
Group II	0.9 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.2b
Fiber (g/d)
Group I	33 ± 17	21 ± 8b	27 ± 9
Group II	31 ± 8	29 ± 10	27 ± 9a
Calcium (g/d)
Group I	1.1 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.5
Group II	1.0 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 0.6

Data is reported as mean ± SD. Total FODMAP is calculated by summing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), lactose, fructose in excess of glucose, sorbitol and mannitol. Data supplied is raw data with no energy adjustment.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs baseline;

^cP < 0.05,

^dP < 0.01 vs 3 mo.