Vanishing bile duct syndrome in Hodgkin’s lymphoma: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Causes of vanishing bile duct syndrome¹

Medications	Non-FDA approved weight loss supplements, sertraline, temozolomide, oxcarbazepine, levofloxacin,ibuprofen, sulfamethoxaxzole-trimethoprim, meropenom, lamotrigine , valproic acid, azithromycin, moxifloxacin, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, interferon, mycophenolate mofetil, anabolic steroids, allopurinol
Infections	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cryptosporidium, reovirus type 3
Malignancy	Lymphoma (B-cell, T-cell rich B-cell, Hodgkin’s, non-Hodgkin’s, and anaplastic large cell)
Immunologic	Primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, sarcoidosis, chronic graft vs host disease

¹Not a comprehensive list.

Table 2 Reported literature involving the association between vanishing bile duct syndromand Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Author	Year	Liver biopsy	HL treatment (chemotherapy and/or XRT)	Outcome/cause of death
Our patient	2014	VBDS	Yes	Remission
Rota Scalabrini D	2014	VBDS	Yes	Remission
Nader K	2013	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure and sepsis
Aleem A	2013	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Wong KM	2013	VBDS	Yes	Remission
Umit H	2009	VBDS	Unknown	Unknown
Pass AK	2008	VBDS	Yes	Remission/awaiting liver transplant
Pass AK	2008	VBDS	Yes	Death/aspiration
Leeuwenburgh I	2008	VBDS	Yes	Remission
DeBenedet AT	2008	VBDS	Yes	Death/unknown
Ballonoff A	2007	VBDS	Yes	Remission
Barta SK	2006	IC	Yes	Remission
Schmitt A	2006	VBDS	No	Death/sepsis
Han WS	2005	VBDS	Unknown	Recurrent HL
Cordoba Iturriagagaitia A	2005	VBDS	Unknown	Remission
Guliter S	2004	VBDS	Yes	Death/sepsis
Liangpunsakul S	2002	Cholestatic hepatitis	Yes	Remission
Komurcu S	2002	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Ripoll C	2002	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Ripoll C	2002	VBDS	Yes	Remission
Ozkan A	2001	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Allory Y	2000	VBDS	Unknown	Unknown
Rossini MS	2000	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Yusuf MA	2000	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Dourakis SP	1999	Hepatocellular necrosis	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Yalcin S	1999	IC	No	Death/sepsis
Yalcin S	1999	IC	Yes	Remission
De Medeiros BC	1998	VBDS	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
De Medeiros BC	1998	VBDS	Yes	Remission
Crosbie OM	1997	VBDS	Yes	Remission
Gottrand F	1997	VBDS	No	Death/hepatic failure
Warner AS	1994	IC	Yes	Remission
Jansen PLM	1994	IC	Yes	Death/variceal hemorrhage
Hubscher SG	1993	VBDS	Yes	Death/pneumonia
Hubscher SG	1993	VBDS	Yes	Death/unknown
Hubscher SG	1993	VBDS	Yes	Death/sepsis
Birrer MJ	1987	IC	Yes	Death/sepsis
Lieberman DA	1986	IC	No	Death/respiratory arrest
Trewby PN	1979	IC	Yes	Remission
Trewby PN	1979	Mild portal hepatitis	No	Death
Trewby PN	1979	Lymphoma infiltration	Yes	Death
Trewby PN	1979	Lymphoma infiltration	No	Death
Trewby PN	1979	Mixed inflammatory and atypical histiocytes	Yes	Remission
Trewby PN	1979	IC	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Piken EP	1979	IC	Yes	Death/unknown
Perera DR	1974	IC	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Perera DR	1974	IC	Yes	Remission
Perera DR	1974	IC	Yes	Remission
Groth C	1972	IC	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Juniper K	1963	IC	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Bouroncle B	1962	IC	Yes	Death/hepatic failure
Bouroncle B	1962	IC	Yes	Death/hepatic failure

HL: Hodgkin’s lymphoma; VBDS: Vanishing bile duct syndrome; IC: Idiopathic cholestasis.