Pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients ≥ 75 years of age: Are there any differences with other age ranges in oncological and surgical outcomes? Results from a tertiary referral center

Table 1 Demographic and clinical data n (%)

Variable	LE	YE	A	P value	Total
Age, median (range)	77 (75-86)	70 (65-74)	57 (18-64)	< 0.001	70 (18-86)
Female	50 (52.1)	46 (47.9)	38 (39.6)	NS	134 (46.5)
BMI (kg/m2) ± SD	24.6 ± 3.6	24.9 ± 3.4	24.5 ± 4.2	NS
Smoking	37 (50.0)	28 (37.5)	17 (23.6)	0.004	82 (28.5)
Diabetes	21 (21.9)	16 (16.7)	22 (22.9)	NS	59 (20.5)
Jaundice	68 (70.8)	66 (68.8)	65 (67.7)	NS	199 (69.1)
CA 19-9 > 37 mU/L (malignancies)	29 (30.2)	37 (38.5)	43 (44.8)	NS	109 (37.8)
ASA score, mean (range)	2 (2-3)	2 (2-4)	2 (1-3)	NS	2 (1-4)
AA-Charlson Score, mean (range)	6 (3-10)	5 (3-9)	4 (0-8)	NS	5 (0-10)
Harvested lymph-nodes, mean	24	26	26	NS
Pre-operative biliary drain	49 (51.0)	53 (55.2)	48 (50.0)	NS	150 (52.1)
Malignant diagnosis	68 (70.8)	67 (69.8)	68 (70.8)	NS	203 (70.4)
N1 status	41 (60.2)	42 (62.6)	42 (61.8)	NS	125 (61.5)
Neoadjuvant therapy, (PDAC)	10 (20.4)	11 (23.0)	10 (18.5)	NS	31 (20.6)
Adjuvant therapy, yes (all malignancies)	34,	29,	29,	NS	92 (45.3)
	n = 57 (68)	n = 45 (65)	= 45 (64.4)	NS	147 (70.3)

A: Adults; YE: Young elderly; LE: Late elderly; BMI: Body mass index; PDAC: Pancreatic cancer.

Table 2 Pathological data n (%)

Diagnosis	Group LE	Group YE	Group A	P value
Malignant tumors	68 (71)	67 (70)	68 (71)	NS
PDAC	49 (51)	47 (49)	54 (56)	NS
Ampullary carcinoma	12 (12)	10 (10)	8 (8)	NS
Cholangiocarcinoma	3 (3)	5 (5)	1 (1)	NS
Clear cell renal carcinoma	0	1 (1)	1 (1)	NS
Duodenal carcinoma	2 (2)	1 (1)	4 (4)	NS
Others	2 (2)	3 (3)	0	NS
Benign conditions	28 (29)	29 (30)	28 (29)	NS
Cystic tumors	16 (17)	18 (19)	10 (10)	NS
pNET	4 (4)	4 (4)	5 (5)	NS
Chronic pancreatitis	0	4 (4)	4 (4)	NS
GIST	1 (1)	0	2 (2)	NS
Others	7 (7)	3 (3)	7 (7)	NS
Total	96 (100)	96 (100)	96 (100)	NA

A: Adults; YE: Young elderly; LE: Late elderly; PDAC: Pancreatic cancer.

Table 3 Postoperative complications n (%)

Variable	Group LE	Group YE	Group A	P value	Total
CR-POPF	30 (31.3)	26 (27.1)	26 (27.1)	NS	82 (28.4)
Biliary fistula	8 (8.3)	6 (6.3)	4 (4.2)	NS	18 (6.2)
Abdominal collections	37 (38.5)	30 (31.3)	32 (33.3)	NS	99 (34.3)
DGE	17 (17.7)	9 (9.4)	9 (9.4)	NS	35 (12.1)
PPH	19 (20.2)	16 (16.7)	13 (13.5)	NS	48 (16.7)
Sepsis	30 (35.3)	27 (31.4)	20 (25.0)	NS	77 (30.7)
Surgical site infection	18 (22.8)	16 (20.5)	13 (17.1)	NS	47 (20.2)
Reoperation	16 (16.7)	4 (4.2)	5 (5.3)	0.003	25 (8.7)
LoS (d), mean (range)	10 (5-73)	10 (6-127)	12 (6-155)	NS	11 (5-155)
ARF	8 (8.3)	4 (4.1)	1 (1)	NS	13 (4.5)
Pulmonary complications	32 (33.3)	27 (28.1)	25 (26)	NS	84 (29.1)
CV complications	16 (16.7)	6 (6.3)	6 (6.3)	0.019	28 (9.7)
Overall1	63 (65.6)	59 (61.5)	56 (58.3)	NS	178 (61.8)
90-d mortality	1 (1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	NA	1 (0.03)

¹Patients with at least one complication. CR-POPF: Clinically relevant post-operative pancreatic fistula; DGE: Delayed gastric emptying; PPH: Post-pancreatectomy hemorrage; LoS: Length of stay; ARF: Acute renal failure; CV: Cardiovascular; ICU: Intensive care unit (need for, during hospitalization); A: Adults; YE: Young elderly; LE: Late elderly.