Association of obesity with Helicobacter pylori infection: A retrospective study

Table 1 The characteristics of subjects at study baseline n (%)

Variable	Total (n = 3039)	Baseline data
		H. pylori (+)	H. pylori (-)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	49 ± 19	50 ± 19	47 ± 19	< 0.001
≤ 45	1513 (49.8)	737 (48.7)	776 (51.3)	< 0.001
45-60	523 (17.2)	319 (61.0)	204 (39.0)
> 60	1003 (33.0)	583 (58.1)	420 (41.9)
Sex, female	248 (8.2)	137 (55.4)	111 (44.6)	0.662
Marriage, single	734 (24.2)	358 (48.8)	376 (51.2)	0.001
Underlying disease	770 (25.4)	446 (57.9)	324 (42.1)	0.010
Diabetes	207 (6.8)	121 (58.5)	86 (41.6)	0.175
Hypertension	642 (21.1)	369 (57.5)	273 (42.5)	0.042
Coronary heart disease	177 (5.8)	99 (55.9)	78 (44.1)	0.579
LDL > 3.1 mmol/L	816 (28.1)	465 (57.0)	351 (43.0)	0.092
HDL < 0.83 mmol/L	823 (28.4)	469 (57.0)	354 (43.0)	0.090
TG > 1.71 mmol/L	861 (28.3)	488 (56.7)	373 (43.3)	0.056
TC > 5.7 mmol/L	614 (20.2)	336 (54.7)	278 (45.3)	0.660
FBG > 6.1 mmol/L	439 (14.5)	258 (58.8)	181 (41.2)	0.028
BMI, kg/m2	24.5 ± 3.3	24.5 ± 3.2	24.4 ± 3.3	0.221
Underweight	62 (2.0)	34 (54.8)	28 (45.2)	0.146
Normal	1342 (44.2)	693 (51.6)	649 (48.4)
Overweight	1247 (41.0)	700 (56.1)	547 (43.9)
Obese	388 (12.8)	212 (54.6)	176 (45.4)

BMI: Body mass index; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 The association between Helicobacter pylori and body mass index in the study

Group	Change in BMI		Crude		Adjusted
	Value	P value	RR (95%CI)	P value	RR (95%CI)	P value
Model 1 in all the subjects
H. pylori (+)	-0.118	< 0.001	0.963 (0.901-1.029)	0.264	0.988 (0.924-1.057)	0.729
H. pylori (-)	-0.080	< 0.001	1.000		1.000
Model 2 in the subjects with obesity
H. pylori (+)	-0.431	< 0.001	1.020 (0.791-1.317)	0.876	1.038 (0.794-1.357)	0.786
H. pylori (-)	-0.411	< 0.001	1.000		1.000
Model 3 in the subjects with overweight
H. pylori (+)	-0.136	< 0.001	0.942 (0.852-1.042)	0.245	0.968 (0.874, 1.072)	0.529
H. pylori (-)	-0.196	< 0.001	1.000		1.000
Model 4 in the subjects with normal and underweight
H. pylori (+)	0.0563	0.159	0.987 (0.908-1.074)	0.764	1.009 (0.926-1.1)	0.835
H. pylori (-)	0.0435	0.057	1.000		1.000

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 The association between Helicobacter pylori and obesity in the study

Group	Event			Crude		Adjusted
	Baseline	1 yr	Incidence (%)	RR (95%CI)	P value	RR (95%CI)	P value
Model 1 in all the subjects
H. pylori (+)	212 (12.9)	194 (11.8)	18 (1.1)	0.890 (0.626-1.267)	0.519	0.831 (0.577-1.197)	0.321
H. pylori (-)	176 (12.6)	169 (12.1)	7 (0.5)	1.000		1.000
Model 2 in the obese subjects
H. pylori (+)	212 (100)	170 (80.2)	42 (19.8)	0.995 (0.603-1.642)	0.985	0.931 (0.547-1.585)	0.792
H. pylori (-)	176 (100)	141 (80.1)	35 (19.1)	1.000		1.000
Model 3 in the non-obese subjects
H. pylori (+)	0	24 (1.7)	24 (1.7)	0.731 (0.422-1.268)	0.265	0.673 (0.382-1.186)	0.170
H. pylori (-)	0	28 (2.3)	28 (2.3)	1.000		1.000

Note: The population is the same as that in Table 2. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.