Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases: A multicenter epidemiological study

Table 1 Detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms in subjects with different demographic characteristics

Variable	n (%)	Depression symptoms			Anxiety symptoms
		n (%)	χ2	P value	n (%)	χ2	P value
Sex			1.681	0.195		0.779	0.377
Male	937 (53.97)	279 (29.78)			245 (26.15)
Female	799 (46.03)	332 (32.67)			224 (28.04)
Age, yr			48.522	< 0.001		24.254	< 0.001
18-30	164 (9.45)	38 (23.17)			31 (18.90)
30-40	234 (13.48)	57 (24.36)			50 (21.37)
40-50	363 (20.91)	81 (22.31)			83 (22.87)
50-60	375 (21.60)	135 (36.00)			123 (32.80)
60-70	339 (19.53)	114 (33.63)			95 (28.02)
> 70	261 (15.03)	115 (44.06)			87 (33.33)
Marital status			14.656	0.001		8.490	0.014
Married	1523 (87.73)	478 (31.39)			416 (27.31)
Divorced/widowed	104 (5.99)	43 (41.35)			35 (33.65)
Unmarried	109 (6.28)	19 (17.43)			18 (16.51)
Education			55.293	< 0.001		13.184	0.010
Primary school or below	386 (22.24)	176 (45.60)			128 (33.16)
Junior high school	440 (25.35)	137 (31.14)			120 (27.27)
Senior high school or polytechnic school	424 (24.42)	108 (25.47)			105 (24.76)
College or bachelor’s degree	454 (26.15)	114 (25.11)			112 (24.67)
Master’s degree or above	32 (1.84)	5 (15.63)			4 (12.50)
Body mass index, kg/m2			16.273	< 0.001		9.092	0.011
< 18.5	88 (5.07)	42 (47.19)			31 (34.83)
18.5-23.99	947 (54.55)	307 (32.42)			274 (28.93)
≥ 24	697 (40.15)	191 (27.29)			164 (23.43)
Chronic pain			6.426	0.011		1.540	0.215
Yes	262 (15.09)	99 (37.79)			79 (30.15)
No	1474 (84.91)	441 (29.92)			390 (26.46)
Daily activities			132.199	< 0.001		108.699	< 0.001
Non-limited	1457 (83.93)	373 (25.60)			325 (22.31)
Limited but independent	253 (14.57)	147 (58.10)			125 (49.41)
Limited but dependent	26 (1.50)	20 (76.92)			19 (73.08)
Sleep quality			87.741	< 0.001		53.651	< 0.001
Good	539 (31.05)	104 (19.29)			99 (18.37)
Fair	898 (51.73)	285 (31.74)			245 (27.28)
Poor or very poor	299 (17.23)	151 (50.50)			125 (41.81)

Table 2 Detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms in subjects with different diseases n (%)

Disease	Total	Depression symptoms	Anxiety symptoms
Peptic ulcer	187 (10.77)	50 (26.74)	42 (22.50)
Digestive system tumors	212 (12.21)	122 (57.55)	117 (55.19)
Chronic gastritis	807 (46.49)	221 (27.39)	177 (21.93)
Functional dyspepsia	227 (13.08)	78 (34.36)	58 (25.55)
Inflammatory bowel disease	181 (10.43)	58 (32.04)	46 (25.41)
Irritable bowel syndrome	96 (5.53)	28 (29.17)	24 (25.00)
Chronic viral hepatitis	59 (3.40)	20 (33.90)	16 (27.12)
Liver cirrhosis	104 (5.99)	43 (41.35)	50 (48.08)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	141 (8.12)	34 (24.11)	29 (20.57)

Table 3 Overall detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms n (%)

Patients	n	Depression symptoms	Anxiety symptoms	Depression and anxiety symptoms	Depression or anxiety symptoms
Outpatients	871	244 (28.01)	200 (22.96)	161 (18.48)	283 (32.49)
In-patients	865	296 (34.22)	269 (31.10)	198 (22.89)	367 (42.43)
Overall	1736	540 (31.11)	469 (27.02)	359 (20.68)	650 (37.44)

Table 4 Detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms in subjects with different comorbidities

Comorbidity	n (%)	Depression symptoms			Anxiety symptoms
		n (%)	χ2	P value	n (%)	χ2	P value
Hypertension			6.402	0.011		5.734	0.017
No	1342 (77.30)	397 (29.58)			344 (25.63)
Yes	394 (22.70)	143 (36.29)			125 (31.73)
Diabetes			7.646	0.006		7.424	0.006
No	1585/91.30	478/30.16			414/26.12
Yes	151/8.70	62/41.06			55/36.42
Coronary heart disease			6.060	0.014		3.396	0.065
No	1603/92.34	486/30.32			424/26.45
Yes	133/7.66	54/40.60			45/33.83
Cerebrovascular disease			0.766	0.382		0.120	0.729
No	1627/93.72	502/30.85			438/26.92
Yes	109/6.28	38/34.86			31/28.44