Simplified criteria for diagnosing superficial esophageal squamous neoplasms using Narrow Band Imaging magnifying endoscopy

Table 1 Demographics of patients and lesions, n

Number of patients	n= 147
Age (yr), median (range)	67 (39-86)
Male, n (%)	130 (88%)
History of cancers (head and neck/esophagus)	85/74
Drinking history
Number of drinkers	134
Drinking duration (yr), median (range)	40 (10-68)
Number of flushers	102
Smoking history
Number of smokers	129
Smoking (yr), median (range)	35 (3-70)
Number of lesions	89
Diameter of lesions (mm), median (range)	15 (4-100)
Histology (SCC/HGIN/LGIN/inflammation)	48/6/27/8
Superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (including HGIN)	54
Diameter (mm), median (range)	19 (4-100)
Macroscopic type; n, (0-I/0-IIa/0-IIb/0-IIc /0-III)	5/2/25/21/1
Depth of invasion; n, (HGIN/EP, LP/MM- SM1/SM2/unknown1)	3/29/7/3/12
Treatment; n, (ER/SR/CRT/others)	32/11/5/6

¹Only biopsy was obtained. SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; HGIN: High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; EP: Epithelium; LPM: Lamina propria mucosae; MM: Muscularis mucosae; SM: Submucosae; ER: Endoscopic resection; SR: Surgical resection; CRT: Chemoradiotherapy.

Table 2 The results of the univariate analysis of the Narrow Band Imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy findings for the diagnosis of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, n (%)

NBI-ME findings	Esophagitis	LGIN	SESCC	Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
	(n = 8)	(n = 27)	(n = 54)
IBC	1 (13)	19 (70)	45 (83)	3.3 (1.2-8.9)	NS
Proliferation	3 (38)	21 (78)	50 (93)	5.0 (1.4-17.5)	< 0.01
Dilatation	3 (38)	20 (74)	48 (89)	3.6 (1.2-11.1)	NS
Tortuosity	2 (25)	14 (52)	44 (81)	5.2 (2.0-13.6)	< 0.01
Change in caliber	2 (25)	6 (22)	31 (57)	4.5 (1.7-11.8)	< 0.01
Various shapes	3 (38)	14 (52)	46 (85)	5.4 (2.0-14.8)	< 0.01

NBI-ME: Narrow Band Imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy; LGIN: Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; SESCC: Superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; IBC: Intervascular background coloration; NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Diagnostic performance of each criteria

	Brownish area alone	Simplified dyad criteria	P value
	(95%CI)	(95%CI)
Sensitivity	92.6% (82.1-97.9)	77.8% (64.4-88.0)	NS1
Specificity	8.57% (1.8-23.1)	57.1% (39.4-73.7)	P < 0.012
Overall accuracy	59.6% (48.6-69.8)	69.7% (59.0-79.0)	NS1

¹χ² test;

²Fisher’s exact test; NS: Not significant.