Th17 involvement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Table 1 Interleukin-17 family ligands and receptors

IL-17 family ligands	Binding receptor	Produced mainly by
IL-17 A	IL-17 RA, IL-17 RC	T cells
IL-17 A/F	IL-17 RA, IL-17 RC	T cells
IL-17 B	IL-17 RB	Numerous cells
IL-17 C	Unknown	Prostate, kidney cells
IL-17 D	Unknown	Numerous cells
IL-17 E (IL-25)	IL-17 RB (IL-25 R)	Numerous cells
IL-17 F	IL-17 RA, IL-17 RC	T cells

IL-17: Interleukin-17.

Table 2 Th17 in mouse models of liver injury

Model	Th17 cells	Th17/Tregs	IL-17 expression	Ref.
CCL4	↑	↑	↑	Meng et al[39]
				Sun et al[45]
BDL	↑		↑	Meng et al[39]
				Zhang et al[49]
MCDD	↑↑		↑	Rolla et al[52]
				Giles et al[53]
				Liu et al[51]
HFD	↑↑		↑	Tang et al[55]

IL-17: Interleukin-17; Th17: IL17 secreting T helper; Treg: Regulatory T cells; CCL4: Carbon tetrachloride; BDL: Bile duct ligation; MCDD: Methionine choline deficient diet; HFD: High fat diet.

Table 3 Th17 in human tissues

	Th17 cells	Th17/Tregs	IL-17 expression	Disease	Ref.
Liver	↑	↑	↑	NAFLD - MO	Rau et al[4]
				PBC	Shi et al[62]
				CH - CIRR	Tan et al[46]
VAT			↑↑	MO	McLaughlin et al[59]
				MO	Zapata-Gonzalez et al[58]
SAT			↑	MAO	Fabbrini et al[57]
				MO	McLaughlin et al[59]
PBMC	↑↑↑	↑↑		NAFLD - MO	Rau et al[4]
				T2D	Zeng et al[60]
				Obesity	Łuczyński et al[64]
				PBC	Shi et al[62]

IL-17: Interleukin-17; Th17: IL-17 secreting T helper; Treg: Regulatory T cells; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; MO: Morbid obesity; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis; CH: Chronic hepatitis; CIRR: Cirrhosis; T2D: Type II diabetes mellitus.