Macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in non-cancer tissues provides predictive powers for recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of the patients

Clinicopathological features
Patients	n = 77
Gender	male : female = 38 : 10
Age (yr)	mean = 66.6 (44-85)
Virus infection	HCV : HBV : NBNC = 72 : 4 : 1
UICC-TNM classification	I : II : IIIA : IIIB = 41 : 32 : 3 : 1
Tumor number	single : multiple : unknown = 48 : 28 : 1
Tumor size (cm)	mean = 3.0 (1.0-9.5)
Portal vein invasion	yes : no : unknown = 7 : 68 : 2
Tumor differentiation	well : mod : poor : unknown = 18 : 44 : 13 : 2
Number of platelet (× 104)	mean = 13.4 (3.8-28.1)
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L)	mean = 50.9 (16-207)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	mean = 0.9 (0.3-1.9)
Prothrombin activity (%)	mean = 77.1 (33.0-104.0)
Indocyanine green R15 (%)	mean = 19.1 (6.0-44.4)
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL)	mean = 389.6 (1.8-602.6)

From July 2000 to June 2008, consecutive patients in the University of Yamanashi Hospital (Yamanashi, Japan) who (1) were diagnosed as having HCC and (2) underwent curative resection surgery, were enrolled in this study.

Table 2 Univariate and Multivariate analyses of factors associated with recurrence and survival

Factors	Time to recurrence				Overall survival
	Univariate	Multivariate			Univariate	Multivariate
	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
Age: ≥ 60 yr vs < 60 yr	0.240			NA	0.523			NA
Gender: female vs male	0.760			NA	0.111			NA
Indx of α-SMA: ≥ 12 vs < 12	0.751			NS	0.423			NS
Indx of CD163: ≥ 26 vs < 26	< 0.001	4.517	1.879-10.857	0.001	< 0.001	1.086	1.039-1.135	< 0.001
M-CSF density: ≥ 36 vs < 36	< 0.001	4.826	2.045-11.389	< 0.001	0.037			NS
Indx of CD31: ≥ 20 vs < 20	0.002			NS	0.020			NS
AFP: ≥ 100 vs < 100	0.232			NA	0.785			NA
AFP-L3%: ≥ 10 vs < 10	0.827			NA	0.900			NA
PIVKA-II: ≥ 100 vs < 100	0.841			NA	0.325			NA
Tumor size: ≥ 2 cm vs < 2 cm	0.185			NA	0.847			NA
Tumor number: multiple vs single	0.447			NA	0.038			NS
Tumor differentiation:	0.379			NA	0.745			NA
well vs mod. vs poor
Fibrosis score: 1, 2, 3 vs 4	0.755			NA	0.015			0.002
TNM stage: I vs II vs IIIa	0.020			NS	0.173			NA

Tables are shown univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic markers associated with the disease-free and the overall survival.