Combination of three-gene immunohistochemical panel and magnetic resonance imaging-detected extramural vascular invasion to assess prognosis in non-advanced rectal cancer patients

Table 1 Relationship between expression of proteins and clinicopathologic parameters

Variable	n	c-MYC expression			PCNA expression			TIMP1 expression
		Strong (n = 118)	Low (n = 211)	P value1	Strong (n = 78)	Low (n = 241)	P value1	Strong (n = 193)	Low (n = 136)	P value1
Sex
Male	207	69	136		47	160		119	88
Female	122	49	73	0.236	31	81	0.324	74	48	0.573
Age, median (range)	62 (21-82)
Histology grade, differentiation
Well	10	4	6		2	8		5	5
Moderate	143	48	95		36	107		57	86
Poor	176	66	110	0.738	40	136	0.844	131	45	< 0.01
Pathologic T stage
T1	24	9	15		5	19		11	13
T2	78	30	48		7	71		41	37
T3	74	28	46		15	59		53	21
T4	153	51	102	0.848	51	102	< 0.01	88	65	0.045
Lymphovascular invasion
Yes	153	56	97		37	116		90	63
No	176	62	114	0.796	41	135	0.850	103	73	0.956
Perineural invasion
Yes	127	45	82		32	95		88	39
No	202	73	129	0.897	46	156	0.615	105	97	< 0.01
Chemotherapy
Yes	99	43	56		24	75		58	41
No	230	75	155	0.060	54	176	0.881	135	95	0.985
EMVI
Positive	53	18	35		13	40		32	21
Negative	276	100	176	0.752	65	211	0.878	161	115	0.782
Location
Below peritoneal reflection	120	41	79		31	89		71	49
At peritoneal reflection	43	22	21		4	39		25	18
Above peritoneal reflection	166	55	111	0.080	43	123	0.059	97	69	0.990

¹P value was obtained by χ² test. EMVI: Extramural vascular invasion.

Table 2 Multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors predicting survival time of patients without regional lymph node and distant metastasis

Variable	HR	95%CI	P value
Sex (male vs female)	1.312	0.784-2.159	0.354
Pathologic T stage (T3-4 vs T1-2)	1.226	0.817-2.657	0.012
Lymphovascular invasion (yes vs no)	1.413	0.716-1.971	0.241
Perineural invasion (yes vs no)	1.539	0.992-2.321	0.114
EMVI (positive vs negative)	3.071	2.784-5.754	< 0.01
c-MYC expression (low vs strong)	1.138	1.003-2.421	0.032
PCNA expression (strong vs low)	2.582	1.748-4.373	0.003
TIMP1 expression (low vs strong)	2.643	1.869-5.821	0.021
IHC panel (2-3 markers high vs 0-1 marker high)	2.110	1.631-2.556	< 0.01

EMVI: Extramural vascular invasion; IHC: Immunohistochemistry.