Antiviral therapy of hepatitis C as curative treatment of indolent B-cell lymphoma

Table 1 Interferon-based antiviral treatment in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas

	Year	No. of patients	Diagnosis	Genotypes	Cryoglobulinemia	Antiviral treatment	Virologic response	NHL response
Bauduer[35]	1996	1	MZL of MALT (oral cavity)	NA	-	α-IFN	1	1 PR
Caramaschi et al[36]	1999	1	MZL of MALT (salivary glands)	NA	-	α-IFN	NA	1 CR
Moccia et al[37]	1999	3	SMZL	NA	-	α-IFN	NA	2 CR
Patriarca et al[38]	2001	1	LPL	2a/2c	-	α-IFN	1	1 CR
Hermine et al[30]	2002	9	SLVL	NA	6	α-IFN	7	7 CR
Casato et al[39]	2002	1	Leukemic MZL	NA	1	α-IFN	Decreased HCV-RNA	1 CR
Pitini et al[63]	2004	2	SMZL	NA	-	α-IFN	2	2 CR
Tursi et al[64]	2004	16	MZL of MALT (stomach)	NA	-	α-IFN-2b + RBV	11/16	16 CR
Kelaidi et al[41]	2004	8	SMZL (n = 4)	3a (n = 1), 5a (n = 1)	8	α-IFN-2b + RBV	5 SVR, 2 PR	5 CR
			Disseminated MZL (n = 1)	-
			Leukemic MZL (n = 1)	1b
			MZL of MALT (n = 2) (1 duodenus; 1 ileus)	4c/4d
Vallisa et al[42]	2005	13	SMZL (n = 4)	1b (n = 2), 2b (n = 1)	5	Peg-IFN + RBV	7 SVR, 1 PR	7 CR, 2 PR
			NMZL (n = 2)	2a/2c (n = 1), 1b (n = 1)
			MZL of MALT (n = 2)	1b (n = 2)
			FL (n = 1)	2a
			LPL (n = 4)	2a/2c (n = 1), 1b (n = 1),
				na (n = 2)
Svoboda et al[65]	2005	1	MZL of MALT (salivary gland, liver)	2b	-	Peg-IFN + RBV	1	CR
Saadoun et al[24]	2005	18	SLVL	1 (n = 7)	18	α-IFN (+ RBV in 10)	14 CR, 4 PR	14 CR, 4 PR
				2 (n = 4)
				3 (n = 1)
				4 (n = 1)
Paulli et al[25]	2009	2	Subcutaneous MZL of MALT	2a/2c, 2b	2	Peg-IFN + RBV	2 CR	1 CR, 1 PR
Mazzaro et al[43]	2009	18	1 SLVL	1b (n = 11)	13	α -IFN + RBV (n = 8)	9 SVR	9 CR, 4 PR
			1 FL	2a/2c (n = 7)		Peg-IFN + RBV (n = 10)
			16 LPL
Oda et al[66]	2010	1	B-NHL (liver)	2a	-	Peg-IFN + RBV	SVR	CR
Pellicelli et al[67]	2011	9	3 SMZL	1b (n = 2)	4	Peg-IFN + RBV	7 SVR	5 CR, 2 PR
			3 MZL of MALT	2 (n = 2)
			1 NMZL	2a (n = 2)
			2 FL	2a/2c (n = 3)
Mauro et al[68]	2012	1	LPL	1b	1	Peg-IFN + RBV (2nd line)	SVR	CR
Arcaini et al[45]	2014	100	23 SMZL	1 (n = 37)	34	α-IFN (n = 33) (+ RBV in 26)	80% SVR	44% CR, 33% PR
		(1st-line)	12 NMZL	2 (n = 52)		Peg-IFN (n = 67) (+ RBV in 57)
			25 MZL of MALT	3 (n = 5)
			7 LPL	5 (n = 1)
			5 FL	NA (n = 5)
			1 SLL
			27 Low-grade NHL NOS
		34	12 SMZL	1 (n = 15)	10	α-IFN (n = 14) (+ RBV in 10)	67% SVR	56% CR, 29% PR
		(2nd-line)	2 NMZL	2 (n = 13)		Peg-IFN (n = 20) (+ RBV in 15)
			6 MZL of MALT	3 (n = 2)
			2 LPL	5 (n = 1)
			7 FL	NA (n = 4)
			3 SLL
			2 Low-grade NHL NOS
Michot et al[28]	2015	14	14 MZL	NA	NA	Peg-IFN + RBV (n = 12)	79% SVR (AT alone)	57% CR, 21% PR
		(AT alone)
		8 (At + Rituximab)	8 MZL	NA	NA	PegIFN + RBV + 4 Rituximab (n = 8)	NA (AT + Rituximab)	38% CR, 62% PR

SMZL: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma; NMZL: Nodal marginal zone lymphoma; SLVL: Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes; MZL: Marginal zone lymphoma; FL: Follicular lymphoma; LPL: Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; MCL: Mantle cell lymphoma; SLL: Small lymphocytic lymphoma; NHL: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NOS: Not otherwise specified; IFN: Interferon; RBV: Ribavirine; CR: Complete response; PR: Partial response; SVR: Sustained virologic response.

Table 2 Direct-acting antiviral agents-based antiviral treatment in hepatitis C virus-infected patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas

	Year	No. of patients	Diagnosis	Genotypes	Cryoglobulinemia	Antiviral treatment	Virologic response	NHL response
Rossotti et al[58]	2015	1	SMZL	1b	Yes (type II MC)	FDV + DLV + RBV (16 w)	SVR	PR
Sultanik et al[59]	2015	1	MALT MZL (breast, humeral shaft, cervical lymph node)	3a	Yes (type II MC)	SOF + RBV (4 w), then SOF + DCV (12 w)	SVR	CR
								(ongoing at 6 m)
Carrier et al[60]	2015	3	1 Leukemic MZL	4	3 (type II MC)	SOF - SIM	3 SVR	PR
			1 MALT MZL (kidney)	1b		SOF - SIM + 4 Rtx		CR
			1 SMZL	1b		SOF - DCV		CR
Lim et al[61]	2015	1	SMZL	2	No	SOF + RBV (12 w)	SVR	CR
								(ongoing at 17 m)
Arcaini et al[62]	2015	20	9 SMZL	1 (n = 13)	10 (50%)	various	19 SVR	4 CR, 2 PR, 2 SD 1 PD
			1 NMZL (Nodal)	2 (n = 3)		SOF-based regimens		1 CR
			5 MALT MZL	3 (n = 3)				2 CR, 1 PR, 2 PD
			2 Leukemic MZL	4 (n = 1)		(+ 4 Rtx in 1 pts)		1 CR, 1 PR
			2 CLL					2 SD
			1 LPL					1 SD

DAA: Direct-acting antiviral agents; SMZL: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma; NMZL: Nodal marginal zone lymphoma; phocytes; MZL: Marginal zone lymphoma; LPL: Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; MC: Mixed cryoglobulinemia; FDV: Faldaprevir; DLV: Deleobuvir; RBV: Ribavirine; SOF: Sofosbuvir; DCV: Daclatasvir; SVR: Sustained virologic response; CR: Complete response; PR: Partial response; SD: Stable disease; PD: Progressive disease; Rtx: Rituximab.