Inflammatory bowel disease and airway diseases

Table 1 Population-based studies of inflammatory bowel disease occurrence in patients with airway diseases

Ref.	Country	Airway disease	Cohort size	Results
				Crohn’s disease	Ulcerative colitis	IBD
Bernstein et al[11]	Canada	Asthma	12397	PRR = 1.38 (95%CI: 1.23-1.53)	PRR = 1.56 (95%CI: 1.4-1.74)
		Bronchitis	3092	PRR = 1.72 (95%CI: 1.15-2.58)	PRR = 1.92 (95%CI: 1.35-2.73)
Ekbom et al[12]	Sweden	COPD	180239	HR = 2.72 (95%CI: 2.33-3.18)	HR = 1.83 (95%CI: 1.61-2.09)
Raj et al[13]	United Kingdom	COPD	588	OR = 5.26 (95%CI: 1.71-16.19)	OR = 3.57 (95%CI: 1.3-9.38)	OR = 3.87 (95%CI: 1.19-12.62)
		Bronchiectasis	215	OR = 7.21 (95%CI: 1.62-32.2)	OR = 7.88 (95%CI: 2.71-22.91)	OR = 8.38 (95%CI: 2.43-28.89)
		Asthma	893	OR = 1.74 (95%CI: 0.39-7.65)	OR = 2.81 (95%CI: 1.15-6.90)	OR = 2.54 (95%CI: 0.78-8.26)
		Airway disease, total	2192	OR = 5.96 (95%CI: 1.94-18.31)	OR = 4.21 (95%CI: 1.71-10.41)	OR = 4.26 (95%CI: 1.48-11.71)
Virta et al[9]	Finland	Asthma	185	OR = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.41-3.86)	OR = 1.11 (95%CI: 0.68-1.80)
Hemminki et al[8]	Sweden	Asthma	148295	SIR = 1.64 (95%CI: 1.42-1.87)	SIR = 1.54 (95%CI: 1.36-1.73)
Brassard et al[10]	Canada	COPD	143904	IRR = 1.55 (95%CI: 1.49-1.62)	IRR = 1.30 (95%CI: 1.24-1.37)
		Asthma	136178	IRR = 1.27 (95%CI: 1.22-1.31)	IRR = 0.99 (95%CI: 0.94-1.04)

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PRR: Prevalence rate ratio; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SIR: Standardized incidence ratio; IRR: Incidence rate ratio; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio.