Co-existence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease: A review article

Table 1 Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease reported by major studies since 1990

Ref.	Diagnostic method	No. of patients	Mean age	Gender (male)	IBD type	Mean BMI	NAFLD prevalence	Fibrosis
Gisbert et al[12]	Ultrasound	786	44		49% (CD)		40.8%	-
					51% (UC)
Sourianarayanane et al[13]	Ultrasound/CT/MRI	928	44 (NAFLD)	41%	53% (CD)	30.4 (NAFLD)	8.2%	-
			42 (Non-NAFLD)		47% (UC)	27 (Non-NAFLD)
Bargiggia et al[14]	Ultrasound	511	38 (CD)	-	61% (CD)	21 (CD)	39.5% (CD)	-
			39 (UC)		39% (UC)	21.6 (UC)	35.5% (UC)
de Fazio et al[18]	Ultrasound	74	35 (CD)	55%	32% (CD)		12.0% (CD)	-
			39 (UC)		68% (UC)		16.6% (UC)
Riegler et al[19]	Ultrasound	484	38 (CD)	57%	35% (CD)		8.9% (CD)	-
			41 (UC)		65% (UC)		13.6% (UC)
Yamamoto-Furusho et al[21]	Ultrasound	200	31	53%	UC		11.2	-
Bessissow et al[22]	Hepatic steatosis index/Fibrosis-4 score	321	33.7	47%	68% (CD)	22.2	33.6% (Incidence)	7.4%
					32% (UC)

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 2 Reported risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Risk factors	OR/HR (95%CI)	P value
Small bowel surgery[13]	OR = 3.7 (1.5-9.3)	0.005
Hypertension[13]	OR = 3.5 (1.5-8.1)	0.004
Obesity[13]	OR = 2.1 (1.05-4.0)	0.035
Steroid use[13]	OR = 3.7 (1.5-9.3)	0.005
Active disease[22]	HR = 1.58 (1.07-2.33)	0.020
Duration of IBD[22]	HR = 1.12 (1.03-1.23)	0.010
Prior IBD surgery[22]	HR = 1.34 (1.04-1.74)	0.020
Anti-TNFα use[22]	HR = 1.69 (0.99-2.90)	0.056 (Trend to significance)

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor α.