Mechanistic insights of rapid liver regeneration after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for stage hepatectomy

Table 1 Experimental associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy models

Ref.	Year	Species	PVL	PHx in stage I	PHx in stage II	Loss of liver mass	Atrophy of ligated lobe on day 7	Future remnant liver lobe	Fold increase on day 7	Proliferation
Schlegel et al[42]	2014	Mouse	RML	LLL (30%)	Ligated lobes	85% totally (55% PVL + 30% PHx)	NA	LML (15%)	4-fold	Peaked on day 4
			RL
			CL
Yao et al[70]	2014	Rat	LLL	NA	NA	80% PVL	NA	RML (20%)	2.5-fold	Peaked on day 2
			LML
			RL
			CL
Almau Trenard et al[71]	2014	Rat	LLL	NA	NA	80% PVL	Reduction to 35.2%	RML (20%)	2-fold	NA
			LML
			RL
			CL
Dhar et al[54]	2015	Rat	LLL	NA	NA	80% PVL	NA	RML (20%)	2-fold	Peaked on day 2
			LML
			RL
			CL
Wei et al[58]	2015	Rat	LLL	CL (10%)	Ligated lobes	80% totally (70% PVL + 10% PHx)	Reduction to 48.2%	RML (20%)	2.53-fold	Peaked on day 1
			LML
			RL
García-Pérez et al[59]	2015	Rat	RSL	RML (20%)	Ligated lobes	80% totally (60% PVL + 20% PHx)	N/A	LML (22%)	2-fold	Peaked on day 2
			RIL
			LLL
			RML
Shi et al[60]	2015	Rat	RML	LLL (30%)	Ligated lobes	80% totally (50% PVL + 30% PHx)	Reduction to 34.9%	LML (20%)	2.3 fold	Peaked on day 2
			RL
			CL

ALPPS: Associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy; CL: Caudate lobe; LLL: Left lateral lobe; LML: Left median lobe; PHx: Partial hepatectomy; PVL: Portal vein ligation; RL: Right lobe; RSL: Right superior; RIL: Right inferior; RML: Right portion of the middle lobes.

Table 2 Comparison of the effect of different techniques on liver regeneration

Intervention	Cytokine release	Growth factor expression	DNA synthesis	Portal vein flow decrease	Hepatocyte hypertrophy induction	Increased NPC activity	Atrophy of the affected lobe	Ref.
PVL	++	++	++	++	++	++	++	[42,54,58-60,70,71]
PVE	+	+	+	+	+	++	+	[42,54, 58-60,70,71]
Parenchymal Transection	+++	+	+	0	+	+	+	[42,47-49,54,58-61,64,70-72]
ALPPS	+++	+++	+++	+++	+++	+	+++	[42,47-49,54,58-61,64,70-72]