Factors affecting occurrence of gastric varioliform lesions: A case-control study

Table 1 Characteristics of the case group n (%)

Characteristic
In total	819 (100)
Hospital
Renji	491 (60.0)
Drum tower	328 (40.0)
Age (yr)
< 50	278 (33.9)
≥ 50, < 60	289 (35.3)
≥ 60	252 (30.8)
Gender
Men	448 (54.7)
Women	371 (45.3)
Illness part
Antral form	806 (98.4)
Diffuse form	13 (1.6)
H. pylori infection
H. pylori (+)	263 (32.1)
H. pylori (-)	556 (67.9)
Histology
Glandular atrophy	363 (44.3)
IM	265 (32.4)
Intraepithelial neoplasia	92 (11.2)

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Overall and stratified analyses of histological data in the case-control study

	Case	Control	OR [95%CI]	P-value
Overall analysis
H. pylori (+)	263	141	2.275 [1.801, 2.872]	< 0.001b
Glandular atrophy	363	271	1.610 [1.317, 1.967]	< 0.001b
IM	265	182	1.674 [1.343, 2.087]	< 0.001b
Intraepithelial neoplasia	92	65	1.468 [1.052, 2.049]	0.023a
Antral form
H. pylori (+)	254	139	2.208 [1.745, 2.794]	< 0.001b
Glandular atrophy	341	268	1.472 [1.202, 1.803]	< 0.001b
IM	409	179	3.609 [2.908, 4.479]	< 0.001b
Intraepithelial neoplasia	79	65	1.239 [0.878, 1.747]	0.222
Diffuse form
H. pylori (+)	9	2	12.375 [1.828, 83.767]	0.015a
Glandular atrophy	13	3		< 0.001
IM	11	3		0.005
Intraepithelial neoplasia	12	0	18.333 [2.522, 133.26]	< 0.001b

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01, the case group vs the control group. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 Overall single-factor and multivariate analyses of impact factors in the case-control study

Impact factor	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95%CI	P-value	OR	95%CI	P-value
H. pylori infection	2.329	[1.802, 3.011]	< 0.001b	3.051	[2.157, 4.317]	< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.	3.745	[2.365, 5.930]	< 0.001b	3.636	[2.183, 6.055]	< 0.001b
Family history of GC	1.926	[1.059, 3.503]	0.029a	1.628	[0.801, 3.309]	0.178
Stress ↑	1.871	[1.344, 2.603]	< 0.001b	2.019	[1.568, 2.600]	< 0.001b
Irregular meals	1.703	[1.184, 2.449]	0.004b	2.300	[1.462, 3.619]	< 0.001b
Spicy food ↑	1.540	[1.156, 2.052]	0.003b	1.754	[1.227, 2.507]	0.002b
Fresh fruit ↑	0.721	[0.533, 0.974]	0.033a	0.231	[0.101, 0.529]	0.001b

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01, the case group vs the control group. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 4 Stratified single-factor and multivariate analyses of impact factors in the case-control study

Factor	Case	Control	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			OR [95%CI]	P-value	OR [95%CI]	P-value
Age < 50 yr
H. pylori infection	69	37	2.224 [1.419, 3.487]	< 0.001b	1.968 [1.222, 3.170]	0.005b
Allergic Res. Dis.	34	11	3.445 [1.700, 6.978]	< 0.001b	3.784 [1.715, 8.347]	0.001b
Stress ↑	41	24	1.858 [1.083, 3.189]	0.023a	1.452 [1.076, 1.960]	0.015a
Irregular meals	40	25	1.723 [1.008, 2.946]	0.045a	2.207 [1.112, 4.381]	0.024a
Fried food ↑	56	38	1.622 [1.025, 2.567]	0.038a	1.459 [0.846, 2.517]	0.174
Spicy food ↑	50	33	1.654 [1.021, 2.681]	0.040a	1.838 [1.011, 3.342]	0.046a
Age ≥ 50 yr
H. pylori infection	151	79	2.386 [1.745, 3.263]	< 0.001b	3.402 [2.149, 5.386]	< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.	51	14	3.988 [2.173, 7.319]	< 0.001b	4.894 [2.164, 11.069]	< 0.001b
Stress ↑	68	39	1.879 [1.237, 2.855]	0.003b	2.265 [1.594, 3.219]	< 0.001b
Irregular meals	44	27	1.699 [1.032, 2.798]	0.035a	1.680 [0.918, 3.074]	0.092
Picked-food cons.	149	122	1.334 [1.001, 1.778]	0.049a	7.224 [2.360, 22.115]	0.001b
Spicy food ↑	86	62	1.481 [1.036, 2.117]	0.031a	1.786 [1.114, 2.863]	0.016a
Fresh fruit ↑	387	405	0.637 [0.409, 0.993]	0.045a	0.422 [0.178, 1.001]	0.050
Male
H. pylori infection	116	67	2.054 [1.458, 2.893]	< 0.001b	3.445 [2.114, 5.612]	< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.	42	10	4.599 [2.272, 9.310]	< 0.001b	6.563 [2.832, 15.209]	< 0.001b
Smoking	99	76	1.410 [1.003, 1.981]	0.047a	2.013 [1.282, 3.163]	0.002b
Stress ↑	63	34	2.023 [1.298, 3.154]	0.002b	2.096 [1.489, 2.950]	< 0.001b
Irregular meals	52	34	1.614 [1.021, 2.551]	0.039a	2.201 [1.262, 3.839]	0.005b
Spicy food ↑	79	57	1.488 [1.022, 2.165]	0.037a	2.167 [1.285, 3.653]	0.004b
Female
H. pylori infection	104	49	2.727 [1.850, 4.021]	< 0.001b	3.031 [1.897, 4.844]	< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.	43	15	3.183 [1.726, 5.867]	< 0.001b	3.502 [1.691, 7.255]	0.001b
Allergic skin Dis.	15	5	3.106 [1.114, 8.660]	0.023a	3.223 [0.966, 10.748]	0.057
Stress ↑	46	29	1.694 [1.032, 2.780]	0.036a	1.873 [1.356, 2.589]	< 0.001b
Irregular meals	32	18	1.872 [1.026, 3.415]	0.039a	2.027 [0.905, 4.538]	0.086
Spicy food ↑	57	38	1.619 [1.036, 2.530]	0.033a	2.185 [1.236, 3.861]	0.007b
Antral form
H. pylori infection	211	114	2.248 [1.734, 2.914]	< 0.001b	3.124 [2.192, 4.452]	< 0.001b
Allergic Res. Dis.	80	25	3.552 [2.237, 5.639]	< 0.001b	3.432 [2.062, 5.712]	< 0.001b
Stress ↑	107	63	1.833 [1.315, 2.554]	< 0.001b	1.984 [1.544, 2.550]	< 0.001b
Irregular meals	83	52	1.681 [1.168, 2.422]	0.005b	2.191 [1.407, 3.412]	0.001b
Fried food cons.	202	169	1.281 [1.007, 1.629]	0.044a	1.338 [0.955, 1.876]	0.091
Spicy food ↑	133	95	1.500 [1.124, 2.002]	0.006b	1.705 [1.188, 2.447]	0.004b
Vegetable Cons.	227	262	0.797 [0.637, 0.996]	0.046a	0.491 [0.311, 0.776]	0.002b

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01, the case group vs the control group. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.