Copyright
©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2016; 22(14): 3821-3828
Published online Apr 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i14.3821
Published online Apr 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i14.3821
Table 1 General characteristics, comorbidities, and preoperative lab tests n (%)
EEN + PN (n = 87) | TPN (n = 253) | P value | |
Sex (male) | 43 (49.4) | 155 (61.3) | 0.053 |
Age (yr) | 58 ± 1.5 | 58 ± 0.7 | 0.757 |
Smoking pack-years (≥ 20) | 11 (12.6) | 27 (10.7) | 0.724 |
Alcoholic abuse | 8 (9.2) | 41 (16.2) | 0.273 |
BMI | 25.8 ± 4.9 | 25.5 ± 5.3 | 0.845 |
Body weight loss (n) | |||
> 10% | 27 (31.0) | 86 (34.0) | 0.426 |
Comorbidities | |||
CAD | 5 (5.7) | 14 (5.5) | 0.975 |
Hypertension | 16 (18.4) | 43 (17.0) | 0.745 |
Diabetes mellitus | 9 (10.3) | 25 (9.9) | 0.838 |
COPD | 3 (7.0) | 14 (5.5) | 0.247 |
ASA classification ≥ 3 | 53 (60.9) | 149 (58.9) | 0.461 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 118.3 ± 1.8 | 121.0 ± 1.0 | 0.194 |
Leukocytes (× 109/L) | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 0.227 |
Platelet (× 109/L) | 217.8 ± 7.9 | 206.1 ± 5.0 | 0.224 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 147.1 ± 16.3 | 144.6 ± 8.6 | 0.882 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 144.8 ± 14.7 | 151.5 ± 10.8 | 0.741 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 122.2 ± 12.6 | 130.7 ± 10.8 | 0.622 |
Albumin (ng/mL) | 43.7 ± 7.3 | 39.0 ± 1.6 | 0.345 |
Prothrombin time (s) | 12.6 ± 0.1 | 12.8 ± 0.1 | 0.274 |
Fibronectin | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 0.253 |
Carcinoembryonic antigen (U/mL) | 12.8 ± 1.9 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.960 |
CA-125 (U/mL) | 22.6 ± 2.2 | 26.5 ± 3.7 | 0.516 |
CA19-9 (U/mL) | 657.4 ± 197.8 | 844.3 ± 236.3 | 0.645 |
Table 2 Pathological diagnosis of the primary disease n (%)
Pathology | EEN + PN (n = 87) | TPN (n = 253) | P value |
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 24 (27.6) | 82 (32.4) | 0.472 |
Bile duct adenocarcinoma | 29 (33.3) | 76 (30.0) | 0.695 |
Duodenal/ampullary adenocarcinoma | 27 (31.0) | 64 (25.3) | 0.391 |
Neuroendocrine tumor | 2 (2.3) | 4 (1.6) | 0.583 |
Pancreatic pseudopapillary tumor | 1 (1.1) | 5 (2.0) | 0.209 |
Cystic pancreatic tumor | 1 (1.1) | 3 (1.2) | 0.754 |
Chronic pancreatitis/pancreatolithiasis | 3 (3.4) | 19 (7.5) | 0.151 |
Table 3 Intraoperative findings and postoperative presentation n (%)
EEN + PN (n = 87) | TPN (n = 253) | P value | |
Diameter of pancreatic duct (cm) | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.483 |
Diameter of bile duct (cm) | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.0 | 0.188 |
Tumor max-diameter (cm) | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.964 |
Retrocolic choledochojejunostomy | 85 (97.7) | 227 (89.7) | 0.212 |
Combined vascular resection | 2 (2.3) | 10 (4.3) | 0.738 |
Intraoperative bleeding volume (mL) | 753 ± 47.2 | 681 ± 59.4 | 0.426 |
Intraoperative blood transfusion | 15 (17.2) | 69 (27.3) | 0.063 |
Duration of surgery (min) | 329.5 ± 53.7 | 335.1 ± 61.3 | 0.461 |
Nasogastric tube retention (d) | 9 ± 0.2 | 5 ± 0.1 | 0.006 |
Hospital stay (d) | 32 ± 2 | 27 ± 1 | 0.074 |
Postoperative hospital stay (d) | 25 ± 2 | 20 ± 1 | 0.055 |
Total cost (US dollars) | 10397.0 ± 861.2 | 8663.9 ± 239.2 | 0.008 |
Table 4 Postoperative complications n (%)
EEN + PN (n = 87) | TPN (n = 253) | P value | |
Bile leakage | 7 (8.0) | 12 (4.7) | 0.280 |
Pancreatic fistulas | 13 (14.9) | 27 (10.7) | 0.334 |
Intraperitoneal infection | 16 (18.4) | 26 (10.3) | 0.059 |
Intraperitoneal bleeding | 1 (1.1) | 10 (4.0) | 0.301 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 4 (4.6) | 11 (4.3) | 1.000 |
Pulmonary infection | 9 (10.3) | 9 (3.6) | 0.024 |
Pulmonary embolism | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1.000 |
Chylous leakage | 1 (1.1) | 3 (1.2) | 1.000 |
Wound infection | 8 (9.2) | 23 (9.1) | 1.000 |
Delayed gastric emptying | 14 (16.1) | 17 (6.7) | 0.016 |
Grade B | 9 (10.3) | 11 (4.3) | |
Grade C | 5 (5.7) | 6 (2.4) | |
Unplanned reoperation | 4 (4.6) | 7 (2.8) | 0.482 |
In-hospital death | 2 (2.3) | 4 (1.6) | 0.204 |
EN-related complications | 28 (32.2) | - | |
Abdominal distention | 17 (19.5) | - | |
Abdominal cramps | 15 (17.2) | - | |
Vomiting | 10 (11.5) | - | |
Diarrhea | 9 (10.3) | - |
- Citation: Lu JW, Liu C, Du ZQ, Liu XM, Lv Y, Zhang XF. Early enteral nutrition vs parenteral nutrition following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Experience from a single center. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(14): 3821-3828
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v22/i14/3821.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i14.3821