Prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese population: An 8-year follow-up study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the subjects with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Variable	NAFLD	Non-NAFLD	t value	P value
Age (yr)	43.38 (0.42)	40.14 (0.35)	5.944	< 0.001
Gender, male/female (n)	598/93	685/572	203.663	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	25.69 (0.09)	21.83 (0.07)	33.044	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	128.62 (0.6)	117.49 (0.43)	15.253	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	79.73 (0.36)	72.71 (0.27)	15.608	< 0.001
Hb (g/L)	151.3 (0.46)	141.62 (0.41)	15.679	< 0.001
PLT (× 109/L)	209.44 (2.12)	206.1 (1.5)	1.299	0.194
WBC (× 109/L)	6.48 (0.06)	5.91 (0.04)	8.294	< 0.001
SUA (μmol/L)	367.92 (3.45)	291.89 (2.32)	18.742	< 0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	5.01 (0.05)	4.59 (0.02)	8.019	< 0.001
TG (mmol/L)	2.47 (0.07)	1.3 (0.03)	15.096	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.94 (0.03)	4.6 (0.02)	8.128	< 0.001
LDL (mmol/L)	2.35 (0.03)	2.16 (0.03)	4.487	< 0.001
VLDL (mmol/L)	1.41 (0.03)	1.01 (0.02)	10.996	< 0.001
HLDL (mmol/L)	1.16 (0.01)	1.44 (0.01)	-20.396	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	36.24 (0.9)	19.75 (0.41)	16.649	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	27.21 (0.43)	22.1 (0.25)	10.200	< 0.001
γ-GT (U/L)	49.97 (1.51)	25.56 (0.99)	13.512	< 0.001

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; WBC: White blood cell; SUA: Serum uric acid; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Table 2 Age and sex distribution of overall non-alcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence

Age (yr)	Total	NAFLD	Overall	Males	Females	χ2value	P value
< 20	3	0	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	-	-
20-29	342	69	20.18%	28.07%	4.39%	26.471	< 0.001
30-39	559	183	32.74%	44.14%	10.94%	63.114	< 0.001
40-49	608	245	40.30%	55.01%	14.16%	97.223	< 0.001
50-59	259	134	51.74%	60.00%	28.99%	19.499	< 0.001
60-69	119	47	39.50%	48.00%	25.00%	6.139	0.013
≥ 70	58	13	22.41%	25.00%	19.23%	0.275	0.600
Total	1948	691	35.47%	46.61%	13.98%	203.663	< 0.001

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Variables	B	S.E.	Wals	Sig.	OR	95%CI of OR
Age	0.025	0.007	14.767	< 0.001	1.025	1.012	1.038
BMI	0.450	0.036	158.411	< 0.001	1.569	1.462	1.682
PLT	0.004	0.001	6.898	0.009	1.004	1.001	1.006
SUA	0.006	0.001	28.372	< 0.001	1.006	1.004	1.008
FPG	0.334	0.081	16.884	< 0.001	1.397	1.191	1.638
TG	0.280	0.089	9.919	0.002	1.323	1.112	1.575
VLDL	0.336	0.118	8.148	0.004	1.400	1.111	1.764
HDL	-1.053	0.298	12.469	< 0.001	0.349	0.194	0.626
ALT	0.049	0.008	37.985	< 0.001	1.050	1.034	1.067
AST	-0.064	0.014	20.903	< 0.001	0.938	0.912	0.964

BMI: Body mass index; PLT: Platelet; SUA: Serum uric acid; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; TG: Triglycerides; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.

Table 4 Comparison of variables between baseline and end point in subjects who developed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Variables	Difference	t value	P value
BMI (kg/m2)	-1.454	-17.198	0.000
SBP (mmHg)	-4.875	-6.105	0.000
DBP (mmHg)	-2.225	-4.021	0.000
Hb (g/L)	-3.537	-6.972	0.000
PLT (× 109/L)	-7.352	-3.276	0.001
WBC (× 109/L)	-0.283	-3.728	0.000
SUA (μmol/L)	-29.304	-8.814	0.000
FPG (mmol/L)	-0.463	-10.909	0.000
TG (mmol/L)	-0.224	-2.630	0.009
TC (mmol/L)	-0.268	-6.823	0.000
LDL (mmol/L)	0.054	1.368	0.172
VLDL (mmol/L)	-0.295	-11.043	0.000
HDL (mmol/L)	0.126	10.200	0.000
ALT (U/L)	-3.099	-2.672	0.008
AST (U/L)	0.006	0.009	0.993
γ-GT (U/L)	-10.43	-4.912	0.000

BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; WBC: White blood cell; SUA: Serum uric acid; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Table 5 Comparison of variables between baseline and end point in subjects who seceded from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Variables	Difference	t value	P value
BMI (kg/m2)	0.801	4.759	0.000
SBP (mmHg)	-2.285	-1.509	0.134
DBP (mmHg)	-0.279	-0.274	0.784
Hb (g/L)	-0.434	-0.496	0.621
PLT (× 109/L)	0.754	0.203	0.839
WBC(× 109/L)	-0.040	-0.274	0.785
SUA (μmol/L)	12.800	1.820	0.072
FPG (mmol/L)	-0.204	-2.329	0.022
TG (mmol/L)	0.643	6.159	0.000
TC (mmol/L)	0.209	2.721	0.007
LDL (mmol/L)	0.357	4.532	0.000
VLDL (mmol/L)	0.073	1.544	0.125
HDL (mmol/L)	-0.005	-0.194	0.846
ALT (U/L)	8.950	5.917	0.000
AST (U/L)	5.084	5.997	0.000
γ-GT (U/L)	9.557	4.612	0.000

BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; WBC: White blood cell; SUA: Serum uric acid; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.