Targeting adeno-associated virus and adenoviral gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Liver- or hepatocellular carcinoma - specific promoters in adeno-associated virus vectors

Promoter	Target	Delivery gene	Ref.
CBA	Liver	Reporter, Flk-1, Mut, MUT, GFP	[15,87-89]
TBG	Liver	Canine factor IX, IDS. Mut	[15,90,91]
hEF1α	Liver	IFN-α	[92]
hAAT	Liver	hFIX, synMUT	[15,93]
Mouse albumin	Liver	HGAA, tTA, EGFP	[94]
Albumin + α fetoprotein	Hepatocellular carcinoma	HSV-TK	[35,95]
hTERT	Hepatocellular carcinoma	TRAIL	[8]
survivin	Hepatocellular carcinoma	TSLC1	[70]

CBA: Chicken β-actin; TBG: The liver-specific thyroxine-binding globulin; hAAT: Human α1-antitrypsin.

Table 2 Overview of clinical trials that use adenovirus vector for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Adenovirus	Phase	Trial	Status	Route	Notes
ADV-TK	II	NCT00300521	Completed	it	As a single agent
TK99UN	I	NCT00844623	Completed	it	As a single agent
AdVhAFP	I/II	NCT00669136	Terminated	im	Combined with AFP and GM-CSF
AdVhAFP	II/IIIA/IIIB/IVA	NCT00093548	Withdrawn	im and id	Combined with AFP and GM-CSF
ADV-TK	II	NCT02202564	Completed	Intrahepatic	Double-dose
Ad5CMV-p53	I	NCT00003147	Terminated	Percutaneous injection	As a single agent
Adenovirus Type 5	III	NCT01869088	Recruiting	Arterial infusion	Combined with TACE
rAd-p53	II	NCT02418988	Recruiting	Arterial injection	Combined with TACE

TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; ADV-TK: Adenovirus thymidine kinase; AdVhAFP: α-fetoprotein adenoviral vector; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; TK99UN: Adenoviral vector containing thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus; im: Intramuscularly; it: Intratumoral; id: Intradermally.