Glypican-3 is a prognostic factor and an immunotherapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Reported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies of serum glypican-3

Ref.	Epitope(AA)1	sGPC3 (ng/mL), median (range)
		n
		(mean ± SD)
		Healthy	CH/LC	HCC
Capurro et al[11] 2003	C-terminal subunit	ND (53)	ND/0 (0-117) (18/20)	167.5 (0-2924) (34)
	(511-580)		(ND/5.85 ± 26.16)	(441 ± 669.8)
Hippo et al[17] 2004	N-terminal subunit	- (96)	- (38)	- (69)
	(25-358)	(0.65 ± 0.32)	(1.09 ± 0.74)	(4.84 ± 8.91)
Beale et al[46] 2008	ELISA kit (BioMosaics, Burlington, VT)	-	- (41)	- (50)
			(125.41 ± 281.05)	(161.41 ± 422.33)
Tangkijvanich et al[47] 2009	C-terminal subunit	ND (40)	0 (0-43.6) (100)	46.3 (0-7826.6) (100)
	(511-580)		(-)	(-)
Liu et al[48] 2010	ELISA kit (BioMosaics)	-	- (32)	- (37)
			(3 cases are > 300 ng/mL)	(16 cases are > 300 ng/mL)
Yasuda et al[49] 2010	ELISA kit (BioMosaics)	-	1.16 (200)	0.92 (200)
			(-)	(-)
Ozkan et al[50] 2011	ELISA kit (Wuhan EIAab Science, Wuhan, China)	0.004 (0.004 - 0.008) (28)	0.006 (0.004 - 0.24) (55)	0.005 (0.004-0.09) (75)
		(-)	(-)	(-)
Qiao et al[51] 2003	ELISA kit (USCN Life Science, Wuhan, China)	- (30)	- (18/40)	- (101)
		(5.93 ± 5.46)	(9.98 ± 9.60/12.09 ± 9.69)	(29.29 ± 17.34)
Chen et al[52] 2013	N-terminal subunit	0 (0 - 563.2) (136)	0 (0-563.2)/6 (0-365.7) (180/124)	15.11 (0-2400) (155)
	(350-364)	(4.14 ± 31.65)	(10.45 ± 46.02/19.44 ± 50.88)	(99.94 ± 267.2)
Lee et al[53] 2014	ELISA kit (Cusabio Biotech, Wuhan, China)	-	66.4 (40)	75.8 (21.7-482.5) (120)
			(-)	(-)
Abd El Gawad et al[54] 2014	ELISA kit (USCN Life Science)	0.99 (0.86-1.67) (10)	2.74 (1.99 - 5.93) (10)	7.7 (4.9-11) (40)
		(-)	(-)	(-)
Haruyama et al[56] 2015	N-terminal subunit	0.12 (0.04 - 0.17) (25)	0.11 (9)	0.24 (0.05-2.96) (115)
	(321-350)	(0.11 ± 0.04)	(0.12 ± 0.60)	(0.41 ± 0.51)

¹Amino acid number recognized. ND: Not detectable; CH: Chronic hepatitis; LC: Liver cirrhosis; sGPC3: Serum glypican-3.