Current status and perspectives of immune-based therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Clinical trials of immune therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

Regimen	Patients, n	Clinical response	Reference
HCC vaccines
DC's + auto-tumor lysate	31	PR: 12.9%, SD: 54.8%	Lee et al[53], 2005
DC's + 4 AFP peptides	16	No clinical response	Butterfield et al[30], 2007
DC's + HepG2 lysate	25	PR + SD: 28%	Palmer et al[52], 2009
GV 1001 + GM-CSF	40	SD: 45.9%	Greten et al[71], 2010
GPC3 peptides	33	PR: 3%, SD: 57.6%	Sawada et al[72], 2012
DC's	30	PR: 17%, SD: 60%	El Ansary et al[49], 2013
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Tremelimumab	21	PR: 17.6%, SD: 58.8%	Sangro et al[62], 2013

PR: Partial response; SD: Stable disease.