Successful hemostasis of intractable rectal variceal bleeding using variceal embolization

Table 1 Case reports of successful embolization for the hemostasis of rectal variceal bleeding

Ref.	Publication year	Age (yr)/sex	History of rectal variceal bleeding	Previous treatment	Approach	Initial treatment	Complications
Hashimoto et al[26]	2013	56/M	Yes	EIS, EVL, surgery	Paraumbilical vein	EVL, EIS, surgery	None
Arai et al[27]	2013	70/M	None	None	Ileocolic vein	None	None
Okada et al[25]	2012	77/F	Yes	None	Portal vein	EVL, surgery	None
Ibukuro et al[28]	2009	65/M	None	None	Paraumbilical vein	None	None
Okazaki et al[24]	2006	77/F	None	None	Portal vein	None	None
Kimura et al[29]	1997	76/F	None	None	Femoral vein	None	None

EIS: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy; EVL: Endoscopic varix ligation; F: Female; M: Male.