Nasobiliary drainage after endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation may prevent postoperative pancreatitis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and results

Variable	Group 1(n = 113)	Group 2(n = 105)	P value
Age (yr)	60.1 ± 9.7	57.9 ± 10.3	0.105
Sex, male/female	68/45	71/34	0.253
Presence of gallstones (n)	13	9	0.473
History of cholecystectomy (n)	7	9	0.501
Total leukocyte count (× 109/L)	5.8 ± 1.8	6.1 ± 2.1	0.259
Amylase (U/L)	88.5 ± 22.3	91.2 ± 24.5	0.396
TB (mg/dL)	4.6 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 1.0	0.482
ALT (IU/L)	124.8 ± 33.6	115.6 ± 36.1	0.052
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)	98.6 ± 26.7	102.6 ± 33.4	0.088
Prothrombin time (s)	11.2 ± 2.1	11.1 ± 2.7	0.761
Platelet count (× 106/L)	145.2 ± 33.1	151.1 ± 31.2	0.176
Maximum diameter of CBD (mm)	12.5 ± 2.6	13.1 ± 2.7	0.095

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. TB: Total serum bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; CBD: Common bile duct.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the subgroups

Variable	EPBD (n = 77)			EST (n = 73)			Neither EPBD nor EST (n = 68)
	G1a (n = 41)	G2a (n = 36)	P value	G1b (n = 34)	G2b (n = 39)	P value	G1c (n = 38)	G2c (n = 30)	P value
Age (yr)	59.6 ± 9.7	59.3 ± 10.4	0.8963	58.4 ± 10.1	59.9 ± 10.9	0.5419	61.4 ± 9.9	56.9 ± 10.1	0.0559
Sex, male/female	21/20	24/12	0.1700	23/11	25/14	0.7502	24/14	22/8	0.3732
Presence of gallstones (n)	4	2	0.7948	5	4	0.8259	4	3	0.7407
History of cholecystectomy (n)	3	3	0.7948	2	4	0.8013	2	2	0.7835
Total leukocyte count (× 109/L)	5.9 ± 1.9	6.0 ± 2.2	0.8321	5.4 ± 2.3	5.9 ± 2.1	0.3347	5.8 ± 1.7	6.1 ± 2.4	0.5304
Amylase (U/L)	84.5 ± 23.4	89.2 ± 24.7	0.3932	89.1 ± 25.6	87.1 ± 27.2	0.7464	87.3 ± 26.2	92.0 ± 27.2	0.4526
TB (mg/dL)	4.7 ± 1.1	4.6 ± 0.9	0.6736	4.1 ± 0.7	3.9 ± 0.9	0.2863	3.6 ± 0.9	3.7 ± 1.0	0.6465
ALT (IU/L)	127.4 ± 35.1	118.9 ± 33.4	0.2766	123.1 ± 33.1	125.1 ± 37.4	0.8085	117.9 ± 31.4	113.9 ± 32.7	0.5943
AST (IU/L)	100.6 ± 29.3	101.6 ± 24.1	0.8716	97.9 ± 24.3	100.7 ± 24.9	0.6273	98.1 ± 21.3	103.7 ± 24.1	0.2919
Prothrombin time (s)	12.3 ± 1.9	11.9 ± 2.3	0.4093	10.3 ± 1.7	10.9 ± 2.0	0.1659	11.3 ± 1.8	11.6 ± 1.7	0.4661
Platelet count (× 106/L)	139.2 ± 44.1	142.1 ± 38.4	0.7577	143.5 ± 40.1	146.1 ± 41.3	0.7852	147.5 ± 39.1	153.5 ± 42.1	0.5280
Maximum diameter of CBD (mm)	11.5 ± 2.3	12.1 ± 2.1	0.2316	12.3 ± 2.0	12.9 ± 1.9	0.1907	11.7 ± 1.8	12.5 ± 2.1	0.0797

EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; TB: Total serum bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CBD: Common bile duct.

Table 3 Outcomes of the subgroup patients

Variable		EPBD (n = 77)			EST (n = 73)			Neither EPBD nor EST (n = 68)
		G1a (n = 41)	G2a (n = 36)	P value	G1b (n = 34)	G2b (n = 39)	P value	G1c (n = 38)	G2c (n = 30)	P value
Time to normalization (d)	TB	4.3 ± 0.9	4.1 ± 1.2	0.4133	3.9 ± 1.0	4.2 ± 1.2	0.2441	4.0 ± 1.1	4.3 ± 0.9	0.2269
	ALT	4.8 ± 0.9	5.1 ± 1.2	0.2197	5.5 ± 0.9	5.9 ± 1.1	0.0876	4.7 ± 1.0	4.8 ± 1.1	0.6985
	CRP	4.3 ± 0.9	4.8 ± 1.1	0.0834	3.9 ± 0.9	4.1 ± 1.1	0.3931	3.3 ± 1.0	3.7 ± 0.9	0.0832
PHD (d)		6.5 ± 1.1	7.0 ± 1.4	0.0844	5.6 ± 1.1	5.7 ± 1.3	0.7219	4.1 ± 1.3	4.5 ± 1.4	0.2274
ERCP-related complications	PEP	0	6 (16.7)	0.0217	2 (5.9)	3 (7.7)	0.8736	5 (13.2)	2 (6.7)	0.6364
	Hyperamylasemia	4 (9.8)	11 (30.6)	0.0215	5 (14.7)	6 (15.4)	0.8048	8 (21.1)	2 (6.7)	0.1874
	PEC	1 (2.4)	3 (8.3)	0.5168	1 (2.9)	2 (5.1)	0.9033	3 (7.9)	3 (10)	0.8992
	PEB	2 (4.8)	0	0.5321	2 (5.9)	1 (2.6)	0.4762	0	2 (6.7)	0.3720
OPC		7 (17.1)	18 (50.0)	0.0046	9 (26.5)	10 (25.6)	0.9358	14 (50.0)	7 (23.3)	0.3509

Data are expressed as absolute n (%) or mean ± SD. EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; TB: Total serum bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; PHD: Postoperative hospitalization duration; PEP: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis; PEC: Post-ERCP cholangitis; PEB: Post-ERCP bleeding; OPC: Overall patient complications.