Combined transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal hypertension

Table 1 Results of 5-years follow-up n (%)

Items	Patients
Refractory ascites or hydrothorax	15 (7.2)
EGVB	77 (36.8)
Hepatic encephalopathy	82 (39.2)
Distributary channel restenosis (yr)
1	36 (17.2)
2	62 (29.7)
3	77 (36.8)
4	95 (45.5)
5	122 (58.4)
Interventional treatments
RFA	113 (54.1)
Once	34 (30.1)
Twice	42 (37.2)
Thrice or more	37 (32.7)
TACE/TAE	185 (88.5)
Once	31 (16.8)
Twice	42 (22.7)
Thrice or more	112 (60.5)
Fistula embolization	22 (10.5)
Once	6 (27.3)
Twice	14 (63.6)
Thrice or more	2 (9.1)
Splenic artery embolization	14 (6.7)
Once	7 (50.0)
Twice	6 (42.9)
Thrice or more	1 (7.1)
Interventional re-treatments	102 (48.8)
Twice	62 (60.8)
Thrice or more	40 (39.2)
Balloon angioplasty	9 (8.8)
Stent angioplasty	93 (91.2)

EGVB: Esophageal gastric-fundus variceal bleeding; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TAE: Transarterial embolization; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.

Table 2 Means and medians for survival time

Mean1 estimate	SE	95%CI		Median estimate	SE	95%CI
		Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
62.067	2.582	57.007	67.128	50.300	2.995	44.431	56.169

¹Estimation limited to the largest survival time if it is censored.

Table 3 Clinical characteristics of patients living ≥ 5 and < 5 years n (%)

Items	Total (n)	Patients living		t/χ2	P value
		≥5 yr	< 5 yr
	209	81 (38.8)	128 (61.2)
Sex				0.367	0.545
Male	121	49 (60.5)	72 (56.2)
Female	88	32 (39.5)	56 (43.8)
Age (mean ± SD, yr)		49.2 ± 4	47.8 ± 8	2.868	0.488
Child-Pugh score				6.888	0.032 (P < 0.05)
A	83	38 (46.9)	45 (35.2)
B	72	30 (37.0)	42 (32.8)
C	54	13 (16.1)	41 (32.0)
PVTT				10.249	0.001 (P < 0.05)
With	31	4 (4.9)	27 (21.1)
Without	178	77 (95.1)	101 (78.9)
Lesion number				0.263	0.608
Single	148	59 (72.8)	89 (69.5)
Multiple	61	22 (27.2)	39 (30.5)
Lesion diameter				18.351	0.0001 (P < 0.05)
≤ 3 cm	52	27 (33.3)	25 (19.5)
> 3, ≤ 5 cm	103	46 (56.8)	57 (44.6)
> 5 cm	54	8 (9.9)	46 (35.9)
Hepatic arterio-portal fistulas				6.537	0.011 (P < 0.05)
With	22	3 (3.7)	19 (14.8)
Without	187	78 (96.3)	109 (85.2)
Cancer diagnosed				5.973	0.015 (P < 0.05)
Pre-TIPS	142	47 (58.0)	95 (74.2)
Post-TIPS	67	34 (42.0)	33 (25.8)
Stents				4.446	0.035 (P < 0.05)
Bare stent	112	36 (44.4)	76 (59.4)
Covered stent	97	45 (55.6)	52 (40.6)
Recurrence (ascites/bleeding)				3.624	0.057
Yes	92	29 (25.8)	63 (49.2)
No	117	52 (64.2)	65 (50.8)
Hepatic encephalopathy				3.887	0.049 (P < 0.05)
Yes	82	25 (30.9)	57 (44.5)
No	127	56 (69.1)	71 (55.5)
Interventional therapy				7.556	0.023 (P < 0.05)
RFA	24	13 (16.0)	11 (8.6)
TACE/TAE	96	28 (34.6)	68 (53.1)
RFA + TACE/TAE	89	40 (49.4)	49 (38.3)
Distributary channel function				3.274	0.070
Restenosis	122	41 (50.6)	81 (63.3)
Unobstructed	87	40 (49.4)	47 (36.7)

PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombosis; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TAE: Transarterial embolization; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation.