Efficiency and safety of radiofrequency-assisted hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis: A single-center retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Patients and hepatectomy characteristics n (%)

Variable	RF(-) group	RF(+) group	P value
	(n = 79)	(n = 100)
Age (yr)	50.27 ± 8.30	47.77 ± 8.96	0.06
Gender (male: female)	71:8	84:16	0.25
Cause of cirrhosis			0.92
Hepatitis B	70 (88.6)	90 (90.0)
Hepatitis C	3 (3.8)	4 (4.0)
Alcohol abuse	0	1 (1.0)
Unknown	6 (7.6)	5 (5.0)
Child-Pugh class			0.79
A	76 (96.2)	98 (98.0)
B	3 (3.8)	2 (2.0)
ICG R-15%1	5 (1.5-20.5)	4.2 (0.2-17.3)	0.16
TBIL (mg/dL)1	0.99 (0.35-5.14)	0.94 (0.29-4.3)	0.26
ALT (U/L)1	39 (11-227)	35 (14-212)	0.83
PT-INR	1.07 ± 0.09	1.06 ± 0.08	0.45
Platelets (× 109/L)	69.7 ± 17.2	72.3 ± 23.4	0.37
MELD Score	4.8 ± 2.37	4.12 ± 2.41	0.06
Dimensions of tumor (cm)			0.62
≤ 5	13 (16.5)	19 (19.0)
> 5 and ≤ 10	57 (72.2)	71 (71.0)
> 10	9 (11.3)	10 (10.0)
Number of tumors			0.19
Single	69 (87.3)	80 (80.0)
Multiple	10 (12.7)	20 (20.0)
Type of resection			0.26
Minor resection	49 (62.1)	70 (70.0)
Major resection	30 (37.9)	30 (30.0)

¹Non-normally distributed data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test; ICGR-15: Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.

Table 2 Intraoperative variables

Variable	RF(-) group	RF(+) group	P value
	(n = 79)	(n = 100)
Blood loss (mL)1	400 (50-1500)	300 (100-1400)	0.01
Transfusion requirement, n (%)	19 (24.1)	17 (17.0)	0.24
Total operative time (min)	245.58 ± 75.48	230.5 ± 77.93	0.19
Parenchymal transection time (min)1	54 (15-130)	30 (10-108)	0.03
Radiofrequency-assisted time (min)	0	15 (5-60)	0.00
Pringle clamping time (min)1	15 (0-97)	0	0.00

¹Non-normally distributed data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test.

Table 3 Postoperative liver function and complications

Variable	RF(-) group	RF(+) group	P value
	(n = 79)	(n = 100)
ALT (U/L)1
POD 1	245.5 (54-1412)	348.5 (88-1640)	0.01
POD 3	220 (47-1632)	260 (79-1532)	0.24
POD 5	82.5 (18-1330)	112 (27-2403)	0.00
AST (U/L)1
POD 1	268 (65-1483)	446 (117-1795)	0.00
POD 3	125 (28-1787)	129.5 (36-710)	0.65
POD 5	50 (20-930)	52.5 (19-3681)	0.10
TBIL (mg/dL)1
POD 1	1.39 (0.58-3.76)	1.61 (0.52-3.71)	0.30
POD 3	1.57 (0.52-5.73)	1.39 (0.39-6.95)	0.08
POD 5	1.19 (0.51-4.62)	1.17 (0.47-5.05)	0.93
PT(s)1
POD 1	14.3 (12-20)	14.1 (11-21)	0.73
POD 3	14.1 (12-22)	14.0 (10-36)	0.57
POD 5	13.8 (12-20)	13.7 (11-22)	0.89
Complications, n (%)
Overall mobility	14 (17.7)	28 (28.0)	0.11
Abscess	3 (3.8)	3 (3.0)	1.00
Biliary fistula	2 (2.5)	7 (7.0)	0.31
Ascites	1 (1.2)	2 (2.0)	1.00
Pleural effusion	4 (5.1)	6 (6.0)	1.00
Pneumonia	4 (5.1)	4 (4.0)	1.00
Liver failure	0	6 (6.0)	0.04
30-d mortality	0	3 (3.0)	0.26
Hospital stay (d)1	21(12-70)	22 (13-71)	0.96

¹Non-normal distribution data analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test.