Systematic review of anastomotic complications of esophagojejunostomy after laparoscopic total gastrectomy

Table 1 Summary of non-randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic total gastrectomy and open total gastrectomy

Author	Year	Nation	n	Extent of LND1	Matched factors
Kim et al[27]	2008	South Korea	60	D1 + 8a, 9	1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
Topal et al[28]	2008	Belgium	60	D2	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Kawamura et al[29]	2009	Japan	81	D2-No.10	1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7
Sakuramoto et al[30]	2009	Japan	74	D1 + 8a, 9/D2-No.10	1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7
Kim et al[31]	2011	South Korea	190	D2-No.10	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Arrington et al[32]	2012	United States	50	D0/D1/D2-No.10	1, 2, 5, 6, 7
Eom et al[33]	2012	South Korea	448	D2-No.10	4, 6, 7
Siani et al[34]	2012	Italy	50	D2-No.10	1, 2, 5, 6, 7
Bo et al[35]	2013	China	234	D2-No.10	1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7
Guan et al[36]	2013	China	97	D2	2, 5, 6, 7
Jeong et al[37]	2013	South Korea	244	D1 + No.8a, 9/D2	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7
Kim et al[38]	2013	South Korea	346	D2-No.10	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Lee et al[39]	2013	South Korea	348	D2	1, 2, 4, 6, 7
Shim et al[40]	2013	South Korea	70	D1 + 8a, 9, 11p/D2	1, 2, 5, 6, 7
Lee et al[41]	2014	South Korea	84	D1 + No.8a, 9, 11p	1, 2, 5, 6, 7
Matsuda et al[42]	2015	Japan	48	D1 + No.8a, 9, 11p	2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

¹Based on Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines. 1, age; 2, sex; 3, body mass index; 4, ASA or comorbidity; 5, tumor stage; 6, extent of LND; 7, reconstruction method. LND: Lymph node dissection.

Table 2 Quality assessment of non-randomized controlled trials based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scoring system

	Selection				Comparability1	Exposure
Author	Is the case definition adequate?	Representativeness of the cases	Selection of controls	Definition of controls	of cases and controls on the basis of the design or analysis	Ascertainment of exposure	Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls	Non-responserate
Kim et al[27]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Topal et al[28]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Kawamura et al[29]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Sakuramoto et al[30]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Kim et al[31]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Arrington et al[32]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Eom et al[33]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Siani et al[34]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Bo et al[35]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Guan et al[36]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Jeong et al[37]	*	*			*	*	*	*
Kim et al[38]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Lee et al[39]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Shim et al[40]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Lee et al[41]	*	*			**	*	*	*
Matsuda et al[42]	*	*			**	*	*	*

¹Controls selected on the basis of the extent of lymphadenectomy and reconstruction procedure (maximum, 2 stars).

Table 3 Summary of case series of esophagojejunostomy in laparoscopic total gastrectomy n (%)

Author	Year	Country	n	EJS leakage	EJS stenosis
Extracorporeal SST
Hur et al[43]	2008	South Korea	18	0 (0)	0 (0)
Lee et al[44]	2009	South Korea	67	1 (1.5)	6 (9.0)
Kunisaki et al[45]	2011	Japan	15	1 (6.7)	0 (0)
Yoon et al[46]	2012	South Korea	65	3 (4.6)	3 (4.6)
Mou et al[47]	2013	China	12	0 (0)	0 (0)
Jung et al[48]	2013	South Korea	47	2 (4.3)	2 (4.3)
Li et al[49]	2014	China	108	1 (0.9)	0 (0)
Sahoo et al[50]	2014	India	47	0 (0)	0 (0)
Total			379	8 (2.1)	11 (2.9)
Intracorporeal SST with trans-abdominally inserted anvil
Usui et al[51]	2008	Japan	15	0 (0)	0 (0)
Kinoshita et al[52]	2010	Japan	10	0 (0)	0 (0)
Lee et al[53]	2012	South Korea	88	3 (3.4)	0 (0)
Shim et al[54]	2013	South Korea	12	2 (17)	5 (42)
Kim et al[55]	2013	South Korea	36	0 (0)	0 (0)
Yoshikawa et al[56]	2013	Japan	20	0 (0)	0 (0)
Du et al[57]	2013	China	52	0 (0)	0 (0)
Total			233	5 (2.1)	5 (2.1)
Intracorporeal HDST/DST with trans-abdominally inserted anvil
Omori et al[58]	2009	Japan	10	0 (0)	0 (0)
Nunobe et al[59]	2011	Japan	41	2 (4.9)	3 (7.3)
Shim et al[54]	2013	South Korea	14	1 (7.1)	1 (7.1)
Lafemina et al[60]	2013	United States	17	1 (5.9)	1 (5.9)
Muguruma et al[61]	2014	Japan	32	0 (0)	0 (0)
Zhao et al[62]	2014	China	26	0 (0)	0 (0)
Total			140	4 (2.9)	5 (3.6)
Intracorporeal HDST/DST with trans-orally inserted anvil
Jeong et al[63]	2009	South Korea	16	0 (0)	0 (0)
Kachikwu et al[64]	2011	United States	16	0 (0)	3 (19)
Kunisaki et al[45]	2011	Japan	30	1 (3.3)	0 (0)
Marangoni et al[65]	2012	United Kingdom	13	0 (0)	0 (0)
Liao et al[66]	2013	China	27	1 (3.7)	1 (3.7)
Shim et al[54]	2013	South Korea	12	2 (17)	4 (33)
Xie et al[67]	2013	China	28	0 (0)	0 (0)
Zuiki et al[25]	2013	Japan	52	1 (1.9)	11 (21)
Hiyoshi et al[68]	2014	Japan	21	2 (9.5)	0 (0)
Total			215	7 (3.2)	19 (8.8)
Intracorporeal STSA
Huscher et al[69]	2007	Italy	11	0 (0)	0 (0)
Inaba et al[70]	2010	Japan	53	2 (3.8)	0 (0)
Bracale et al[71]	2010	Italy	67	4 (6.0)	2 (3.0)
Tsujimoto et al[72]	2012	Japan	15	0 (0)	0 (0)
Nagai et al[73]	2013	Japan	94	2 (2.1)	0 (0)
Petersen et al[74]	2013	Denmark	30	3 (10)	0 (0)
Shim et al[54]	2013	South Korea	10	0 (0)	1 (10)
Morimoto et al[75]	2014	Japan	77	0 (0)	1 (1.3)
Yamamoto et al[76]	2014	Japan	52	1 (1.9)	0 (0)
Total			409	12 (2.9)	4 (1.0)
Intracorporeal FETEA
Ziqiang et al[77]	2008	China	14	0 (0)	0 (0)
Kim et al[78]	2012	South Korea	124	3 (2.4)	6 (4.8)
Kim et al[79]	2013	South Korea	139	1 (0.7)	1 (0.7)
Ebihara et al[80]	2013	Japan	65	0 (0)	3 (4.6)
Hiyoshi et al[68]	2014	Japan	24	0 (0)	0 (0)
Tsunoda et al[81]	2014	Japan	97	1 (1.0)	0 (0)
Total			463	5 (1.1)	10 (2.2)

EJS: Esophagojejunostomy; SST: Single-stapling technique; DST: Double-stapling technique; HDST: Hemi-double stapling technique; STSA: Side-to-side anastomosis; FETEA: Functional end-to-end anastomosis.