Risk factors for complications associated with upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies

Table 1 Type of foreign bodies n (%)

Type of foreign body	Value
Fish bone	63 (32.5)
Drug	39 (20.1)
Shell	19 (9.8)
Meat	15 (7.7)
Metal	14 (7.2)
Animal bone	12 (6.2)
Stone	11 (5.7)
Plastic	9 (4.6)
Dental prosthetic	7 (3.6)
Tooth brush	2 (1.0)
Bean	1 (0.5)
Others	2 (1.0)
Total	194

Table 2 Anatomic location of foreign bodies n (%)

Location	Value
Esophagus
Upper 1/3 (< 25 cm from incisor)	111 (57.2)
Mid 1/3 (≥ 25 cm, < 40 cm)	55 (28.4)
Lower 1/3 (≥ 40 cm)	7 (3.6)
Stomach	21 (10.8)
Total	194

Table 3 Methods used for removal of foreign bodies n (%)

Method of removal	Value
Pull with biopsy forcep	96 (49.5)
Pull with net	32 (16.5)
Pull with alligator	29 (14.9)
Pull with snare	6 (3.1)
Pull with basket	5 (2.6)
Push into stomach	16 (8.2)
Others	4 (2.1)
Surgery	6 (3.1)
Total	194

Table 4 Complications by foreign bodies n (%)

Complication	Value
Ulcer	11 (5.7)
Laceration	31 (16.0)
Perforation	3 (1.5)
Abscess	1 (0.5)
Total	46 (23.7)

Table 5 Cases of surgical intervention

No.	Cause of surgery	Foreign body type	Foreign body size (mm)	Foreign body location
1	Failure of endoscopic removal	Animal bone	25	Upper esophagus
2	Failure of endoscopic removal	Stone	35	Mid esophagus
3	Failure of endoscopic removal	Stone	30	Mid esophagus
4	Failure of endoscopic removal	Fish bone	35	Mid esophagus
5	Failure of endoscopic removal	Pin	35	Stomach
6	Perforation	Metal	25	Stomach
7	Perforation	Fish bone	25	Upper esophagus
8	Perforation	Shell	35	Upper esophagus
9	Abscess	Fish bone	15	Upper esophagus

Table 6 Results of multivariate analysis following univariate analysis of risk factors for foreign body removal related with complications

	Yes (n = 51)	No (n = 143)	P value	OR	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	61.18 ± 17.26	52.58 ± 17.82	0.003
> 60/ ≤ 60	27/24	57/86	0.106	1.84 (0.87-3.91)	0.112
Gender
Male/female	26/25	63/80	0.394	1.42 (0.71-2.86)	0.327
Foreign body
Location			0.381
Upper esophagus	27	84		1	0.213
Mid and lower esophagus	20	42		0.55 (0.25-1.24)	0.151
Stomach	4	17		1.61 (0.46-5.64)	0.460
Size (cm, mean ± SD)	2.22 ± 0.83	1.87 ± 0.85	0.012
> 3 cm / ≤ 3 cm	24/27	43/100	0.028	1.70 (0.82-3.54)	0.155
Sharpness (Yes/No)	36/15	74/69	0.02	2.48 (1.07- 5.72)	0.034
Radio-opacity (Yes/No)	20/31	55/88	0.924	0.98 (0.46-2.08)	0.955
Esophageal stricture (Yes/No)	3/48	24/119	0.053	0.27 (0.06-1.12)	0.071
Duration of impaction (min), mean ± SD, median (min-max)	2304 ± 4245, 390 (56-23000)	853 ± 1195, 270 (60-18720)	0.022, 0.094
> 12 h/ ≤ 12 h	22/29	35/108	0.012	2.42 (1.12-5.25)	0.025