Hepatoprotective effect of Geranium schiedeanum against ethanol toxicity during liver regeneration

Table 1 Liver regeneration parameters in each experimental group after 7 d of treatment with partial hepatectomy, ethanol, and the Geranium schiedeanum extract

Group	Mortality (%)	Resected liver mass (g)	Final liver weight (g)	Restitution of liver mass (%)	mgDNA/g liver
Sham	-	-	9.410 ± 0.47	100	4.40 ± 0.35
PH	0	6.185 ± 0.30	6.705 ± 0.29	75.89 ± 3.5	9.20 ± 0.20ª
PH-EtOH	33ce	6.374 ± 0.29	5.525 ± 0.27ª,c,e	60.68 ± 2.8ce	4.80 ± 0.15ce
PH-Gs-EtOH	0	6.797 ± 0.33	6.721 ± 0.31	69.22 ± 1.4	9.10 ± 0.27ª

Values are expressed as the mean ± SE in each experimental group (n = 5-6). ^aP < 0.05 vs sham group;

^cP < 0.05 vs PH group;

^eP < 0.05 vs PH-Gs-EtOH group. PH: Partial hepatectomy; EtOH: Ethanol; Gs: Geranium schiedeanum.

Table 2 Histopathological changes induced by partial hepatectomy, ethanol and Geranium schiedeanum extract treatment in liver cells

Group	Fatty change	Inflammation	Hepatocellular disorganization
Sham	0	0	0
PH	+	0	0
PH-EtOH	++/+++	++/+++	0
PH-Gs-EtOH	+	+	+/++

Histopathological parameters were evaluated as described in the Material and Methods. PH: Partial hepatectomy; EtOH: Ethanol; Gs: Geranium schiedeanum.

Table 3 Concentrations of serum metabolites in diverse study groups

Group	Glucose(mg/dL)	Cholesterol(mg/dL)	Triacylglycerols(mg/dL)
Sham	120 ± 10.50	57 ± 7.80	76 ± 3.0
PH	112 ± 5.30	41 ± 2.50	44 ± 4.05a
PH-EtOH	86 ± 4.20ace	34 ± 4.3ae	43 ± 6.0a
PH-Gs-EtOH	124 ± 8.45	55 ± 2.81c	39 ± 0.88a

Metabolites are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 5-6).

^aP < 0.05 vs sham group;

^cP < 0.05 vs PH group;

^eP < 0.05 vs PH-Gs-EtOH group. PH: Partial hepatectomy; EtOH: Ethanol; Gs: Geranium schiedeanum.

Table 4 Serum concentrations of albumin and bilirubin in different study groups

Group	Albumin (g/dL)	Bilirubin (mg/dL)
Sham	3.03 ± 0.12	0.07 ± 0.06
PH	2.85 ± 0.15	0.13 ± 0.01ª
PH-EtOH	2.72 ± 0.05ac	0.15 ± 0.06ª
PH-Gs-EtOH	3.00 ± 0.10	0.11 ± 0.08ª

Metabolites are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 5-6).

^aP < 0.05 vs sham group;

^cP < 0.05 vs PH-Gs-EtOH group. PH: Partial hepatectomy; EtOH: Ethanol; Gs: Geranium schiedeanum.