Evolution of nonspecific duodenal lymphocytosis over 2 years of follow-up

Table 1 Summary of the diagnosed diseases associated with duodenal lymphocytosis after the follow-up period

Diagnosed disease	IELs < 15	IELs 15-25	IELs > 25	Total (n)	P value
	(n)	(n)	(n)
Helicobacter pylori infection	3	2	0	5	0.23 (NS)
Jejunal Crohn’s disease	2	0	2	4	0.19 (NS)
Lymphocytic colitis	0	1	0	1	0.53 (NS)
Scleroderma	0	1	0	1	0.53 (NS)
Celiac disease	3	4	16	23	< 0.0001
Gluten sensitivity	5	13	1	19	0.02
Irritable bowel syndrome	13	16	3	32	0.01
Total (n)	26	37	22	85

The distribution of pathological conditions is shown according to the density of IELs infiltrate. Statistical comparisons are performed using χ² test for trend. NS: Not significant; IELs: Intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Table 2 Main clinical and laboratory features of enrolled patients

	CD	GS	Non-gluten related disorders	P value
	n = 23	n = 19	n = 43
Familiarity for CD	13.0%	10.5%	0%	0.02
IgG - anti-gliadin antibodies	0%	10.5%	0%	NS
Autoimmune thyroiditis	21.7%	21.0%	12.7%	NS
Iron deficiency anemia	21.7%	10.5%	17.0%	NS
Folate deficiency	8.7%	26.3%	10.3%	NS
DQ 2-8	82.6%	68.4%	38.2%	0.001
DQA1*0501 heterozygosis	17.3%	21.1%	10.6%	NS
Weight loss	60.8%	42.1%	21.3%	0.0008
Abdominal pain	82.6%	94.7%	57.4%	0.001
Diarrhea	65.2%	42.1%	17.1%	0.0001
Weakness	43.5%	42.1%	14.9%	0.006
Headache	0%	42.1%	2.3%	NS

Statistical comparisons are performed using χ² test for trend. CD: Celiac disease; GS: Gluten sensitivity; NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Summarizing univariate and multivariate analyses of the study

	CD		GS
	Univariate	Multivariate	Univariate	Multivariate
Age	NS	NS	NS	NS
Sex	NS	NS	NS	NS
IELs count	-IELs > 25	-IELs > 25	-IELs > 25 NS	-IELs > 25 NS
	OR = 30.5; 95%CI: 6.994-132.8; P < 0.0001	OR = 1640.4; 95%CI: 104.7-2341.1; P = 0.004	-IELs 15-25	-IELs 15-25
	-IELs 15-25	-IELs 15-25
	OR = 2.5 95%CI: 1.16-3.95; P = 0.02	OR = 16.95; 95%CI: 4.9-61.2; P = 0.01	OR = 8.76; 95%CI: 4.31-21.45; P = 0.01	OR = 28.59; 95%CI: 10.12-57.26; P = 0.009
Familiarity for CD	OR = 18.48; 95%CI: 2.161-1016; P = 0.007	NS	NS	NS
IgG - anti-gliadin antibodies	NS	NS	NS	NS
Autoimmune thyroiditis	NS	NS	NS	OR = 87.63; 95%CI: 28.16-129.93; P = 0.017
Iron deficiency anemia	NS	NS	NS	NS
Folate deficiency	NS	NS	OR = 3.48; 95%CI: 1.78-12.32; P = 0.04	OR = 48.53; 95%CI: 26.73-76.12; P = 0.01
DQ 2-8	OR = 11.58; 95%CI: 3.399-39.43; P < 0.0001	OR = 140.85; 95%CI: 4.9-678.84; P = 0.012	NS	NS
DQA1*0501 heterozygosis	NS	OR = 15.36; 95%CI: 2.11-47.32; P = 0.02	NS	NS
Weight loss	NS	NS	NS	NS
Abdominal pain	NS	NS	NS	NS
Diarrhea	OR = 10.45; 95%CI: 3.221-33.88; P < 0.0001	OR = 5.56; 95%CI: 3.55-12.45; P = 0.02	OR = 5.571; 95%CI: 1.567-19.80; P = 0.01	OR = 54.87; 95%CI: 46.12-71.36; P = 0.008
Weakness	OR = 5.0; 95%CI: 1.519-16.46; P = 0.01	OR = 11.57; 95%CI: 6.61-18.34; P = 0.017	NS	NS
Headache	NS	NS	NS	NS

In each cell, odds ratios, confidence intervals and P values are provided if significant. NS: Not significant; CD: Celiac disease; GS: Gluten sensitivity; IELs: Intraepithelial lymphocytes.