Patient characteristics with high or low blood urea nitrogen in upper gastrointestinal bleeding

doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7500

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Jun 28, 2015 (publication date) through Mar 2, 2025

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2015; 21(24): 7500-7505
Published online Jun 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7500

Table 1 Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in this study

Cause	Total (n)	BUN analyzed (n)
Gastric ulcer	31	29
Gastric cancer	28	18
Duodenal ulcer	7	3
Acute gastric mucosal lesion	4	1
Esophageal ulcer	2	1
Esophageal varix	2	2
Esophagitis	1	1
Gastric invasion of pancreatic cancer	1	1
Total	76	56

BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

Table 2 Comparison of variables between patients with blood urea nitrogen higher and lower than 21.0 mg/dL

Variable	No. of patients	H group (n = 20)	L group (n = 36)	P value
Age (yr)	56	69.7 ± 17.3	71.1 ± 9.4	0.7040
WBC (10²/μL)	56	9575 ± 5088	6700 ± 2187	0.0047
Hb (g/dL)	56	8.64 ± 3.47	10.6 ± 3.09	0.0307
CRP (mg/dL)	39	1.66 ± 2.03	0.99 ± 0.85	0.1557
Plt (10⁴/μL)	54	23.1 ± 8.4	29.4 ± 12.8	0.0629
TP (g/dL)	35	5.70 ± 0.98	6.20 ± 0.68	0.0874
Alb (g/dL)	36	3.32 ± 0.69	3.53 ± 0.62	0.3546
T-Bil (mg/dL)	44	0.62 ± 0.40	0.71 ± 0.63	0.6461
ALP (IU/L)	32	178 ± 53	260 ± 159	0.1449
AST (IU/L)	51	23.7 ± 12.0	27.1 ± 25.3	0.6062
ALT (IU/L)	53	25.9 ± 26.0	18.0 ± 14.9	0.1654
γ-GTP (IU/L)	29	22.6 ± 14.3	82.8 ± 107	0.2031
LDH (IU/L)	15	42.7 ± 6.6	46.0 ± 10.8	0.6261
UA (mg/dL)	24	5.84 ± 2.47	5.00 ± 1.93	0.3638
BUN (mg/dL)	56	36.3 ± 17.3	12.3 ± 3.8	< 0.0001
Cre (mg/dL)	56	1.09 ± 0.37	0.83 ± 0.32	0.0086
BUN/Cre	56	35.0 ± 13.2	16.1 ± 6.3	< 0.0001
T-Chol (mg/dL)	21	143 ± 37	145 ± 47	0.9102
TG (mg/dL)	16	98 ± 68	101 ± 48	0.9408
HDL (mg/dL)	15	42.7 ± 6.6	46.0 ± 10.8	0.6261
LDL (mg/dL)	14	72.7 ± 38.4	95.5 ± 30.5	0.2954
BG (mg/dL)	32	164 ± 92	121 ± 34	0.0622
HbA1c (%)	21	6.31 ± 1.04	5.54 ± 0.46	0.0264

H group: Patients with BUN > 21.0 mg/dL; L group: Patients with BUN < 21.0 mg/dL; WBC: White blood cell count; Hb: Hemoglobin; CRP: C-reactive protein; Plt: Platelet; TP: Total protein; Alb: Albumin; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; UA: Uric acid; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cre: Creatinine; T-Chol: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BG: Blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Table 3 Comparison of variables between patients examined for blood urea nitrogen or not

Variable	No. of patients	BUN examined group (n = 56)	BUN not examined group (n = 20)	P value
Age (yr)	76	70.6 ± 1.7	69.9 ± 2.8	0.8353
WBC (10²/μL)	68	7726 ± 3731	6266 ± 1624	0.1905
Hb (g/dL)	68	9.92 ± 3.34	10.8 ± 2.39	0.3817
CRP (mg/dL)	46	1.22 ± 1.40	2.21 ± 1.66	0.1024
Plt (10⁴/μL)	65	27.2 ± 11.8	27.9 ± 8.1	0.8639
TP (g/dL)	43	5.96 ± 0.86	6.44 ± 0.69	0.1513
Alb (g/dL)	38	3.48 ± 0.64	2.95 ± 0.64	0.2851
T-Bil (mg/dL)	46	0.68 ± 0.58	0.87 ± 0.11	0.6543
ALP (IU/L)	34	236 ± 142	232 ± 89	0.9649
AST (IU/L)	58	26.1 ± 21.9	19.6 ± 3.8	0.4409
ALT (IU/L)	62	20.7 ± 19.5	17.6 ± 6.46	0.6379
γ-GTP (IU/L)	33	59.0 ± 93.8	37.0 ± 16.8	0.6477
LDH (IU/L)	45	187 ± 55	195 ± 36	0.7244
UA (mg/dL)	29	5.32 ± 2.13	5.00 ± 0.77	0.7459
Cre (mg/dL)	64	0.92 ± 0.36	0.94 ± 0.28	0.9148
T-Chol (mg/dL)	28	144 ± 41	202 ± 31	0.0018
BG (mg/dL)	36	134 ± 61	117 ± 8	0.5669

WBC: White blood cell count, Hb: Hemoglobin; CRP: C-reactive protein; Plt: Platelet; TP: Total protein; Alb: Albumin; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; UA: Uric acid; Cre: Creatinine; T-Chol: Total cholesterol; BG: Blood glucose.

Table 4 Results of logistic regression analysis

Variable	χ²	Odds	P value
WBC	0.10	0.999918	0.7471
Hb	6.36	0.545371	0.0116
Cre	3.31	489.6214	0.0688
HbA1c	4.73	13.58043	0.0296

WBC: White blood cell count; Hb: Hemoglobin; Cre: Creatinine; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Table 5 Association of blood urea nitrogen and gastric ulcer or cancer

Group		Gastric ulcer	Gastric cancer	Total
BUN¹ (mg/dL)	≥ 21.0	15	0	15
BUN¹ (mg/dL)	< 21.0	14	18	32
Total		29	18	47

¹P = 0.0002 between groups via Fisher’s exact probability test. BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

Table 6 Association of blood urea nitrogen and Forrest classification

Group		1b	2a	2b	Total
BUN¹ (mg/dL)	≥ 21.0	5	7	3	15
BUN¹ (mg/dL)	< 21.0	4	5	5	14
Total		9	12	8	29

¹P = 0.6322 between groups via χ² test. BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

Citation: Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Hasegawa R, Shirai Y, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Patient characteristics with high or low blood urea nitrogen in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(24): 7500-7505
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i24/7500.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7500