Liver fibrosis markers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Table 1 General liver fibrosis markers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Biomarkers	Items	Cohort	AUROC for diagnosis	Ref.
General markers for liver fibrosis (solo makers)
Hyaluronic acid		112	Stage 1-4: 0.80, Stage3-4: 0.80	Sakugawa et al[38], 2005
Type IV collagen 7S		112	Stage 1-4: 0.83, Stage3-4: 0.82	Sakugawa et al[38], 2005
Platelet count		1048	Stage 3-4: 0.77, Stage4: 0.92	Yoneda et al[39], 2011
General markers for liver fibrosis (algorithm based makers)
FibroTest	α2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A1, haptoglobin, GGT, bilirubin	267	Stage 2-4: 0.81, Stage 4: 0.88	Ratziu et al[44], 2006
APRI	AST, platelet count	111	Stage 3-4: 0.85	Kruger et al[41], 2011
FIB4 index	Age, AST, ALT, platelet count	541	Stage 3-4: 0.802	Shah et al[43], 2009
ELF (enhanced liver fibrosis panel)	HA, TIMP1, P3NP	192	Stage 2-4: 0.82, Stage 3-4: 0.9	Guha et al[40], 2008

APRI: AST-to-platelet ratio index.

Table 2 Liver fibrosis markers developed for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Liver fibrosis markers for NAFLD	Items	Cohort	AUROC for diagnosis	Ref.
HAIR	Hypertension, ALT, insulin resistance	105	Stage 3-4: 0.90	Dixon et al[47], 2001
BAAT score	BMI, Age, ALT, Triglycerides	93	Stage 2-4: 0.84	Ratziu et al[48], 2000
NAFLD Fibrosis score	Age, BMI, Hyperglycemia, Platelet count, Albumin, AST/ALT ratio	733	Stage 3-4: 0.84	Angulo et al[49], 2007
BAAD score	BMI, AST/ALT ratio, DM	827	Stage 3-4: 0.81	Harrison et al[51], 2008
FibroMeter NAFLD	Glucose, AST, Platelet count, ALT, Ferritin, Body Weight, Age	235	Stage 2-4: 0.943	Calès et al[52], 2009
NAFLD Diagnostic Panel	DM, Gender, BMI, Triglycerides, CK18 fragments (apoptotic and necrotic)	79	1Stage 1-4: 0.81,2Stage 2-4: 0.80	Younossi et al[54], 2011
NAFIC score	Ferritin, IRI, type IV collagen 7S	619	Stage 2-4: 0.834, Stage 3-4: 0.869	Sumida et al[53], 2011

¹Presence of any degree of fibrosis;

²Presence of advanced fibrosis (at least moderate portal or pericellular fibrosis, bridging fibrosis, or cirrhosis). NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Table 3 Glycated albumin-to-glycated hemoglobin ratio (GA/HbA1c ratio) and liver fibrosis

Patients	Cohort	Main results	Ref.
Various CLDs	82	The GA/HbA1c ratio was associated with hepatic functions (decreasing hepaplastin test and cholinesterase levels) independent of the mean plasma glucose levels	Bando et al[70], 2009
HCV-positive CLD	142	The GA/HbA1c ratio increased in association with the histological severity of liver fibrosis. The diagnostic performance of APRI improved when combined with the GA/HbA1c ratio	Aizawa et al[72], 2012
HBV-positive CLD	176	The GA/HbA1c ratio increased in line with the severity of fibrosis. The GA/HbA1c ratios were inversely correlated with four variables of liver function (the prothrombin time percentage, platelet count, albumin value and cholinesterase value)	Enomoto et al[73], 2014
NASH	36	The GA/HbA1c ratio was negatively correlated with ALT and platelet count. The GA/HbA1c ratio was positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis	Bando et al[74], 2012

CLDs: Chronic liver diseases; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.