Increased density of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small bowel mucosa of celiac patients

Table 1 Numbers, mean ages, genders and IgA-tTG positivity results of the persons studied n (%)

Study group	Number of persons	Age1 (yr)	Male		Female		IgA-tTG-positive (> 10 U/mL)
			n	Age1 (yr)	n	Age1 (yr)
CD	18	9.9 ± 10.7	5 (28)b	8.3 ± 3.1	13 (72)b	10.5 ± 12.5	18/18b
CD with T1D	15	8.5 ± 3.7	8 (53)	8.6 ± 4.8	7 (47)	8.5 ± 2.1	11/11
T1D	2	8.5 ± 6.4	2 (100)	8.5 ± 6.4	0	-	0/2
Control group	39	12.8 ± 4.9	14 (36)b	11.4 ± 5.9	25 (64)b	13.5 ± 4.3	2/35b
Total	74	11.1 ± 6.8	29 (39)b	9.9 ± 5.2	45 (61)b	11.9 ± 7.6	31/66

¹Value is the mean ± SD.

^bP≤ 0.01, study group vs control group. CD: Celiac disease; T1D: Type 1 diabetes; IgA-tTG: IgA antibody.

Table 2 Areas under the curve values and the cut-off, sensitivity and specificity values for different dendritic cells and Tregs markers in the groups studied

Markers	Entire study group				Patients with CD				Patients with CD and T1D
	AUC	Cut-off	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC	Cut-off	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC	Cut-off	Sensitivity	Specificity
FOXP3 (paraff)	0.92	4.8	0.87	0.94	0.92	4.8	0.88	0.94	0.91	5.0	0.85	0.94
IDO (paraff)	0.89	11.2	0.85	0.87	0.88	13.1	0.81	0.93	0.91	11.2	0.90	0.87
CD11c (IF)	0.72	10.1	0.55	0.92	0.79	10.1	0.61	0.92	0.62	12.1	0.38	1.00
IDO (IF)	0.70	9.7	0.45	0.95	0.72	10.1	0.50	0.97	0.67	9.7	0.39	0.95
CD11c (paraff)	0.70	10.6	0.87	0.45	0.71	24.8	0.47	0.90	0.68	16.6	0.62	0.71
CD103 (IF)	0.77	7.8	0.74	0.74	0.71	8.8	0.61	0.76	0.86	7.3	1.00	0.68
Langerin (IF)	0.57	8.8	0.36	0.90	0.59	8.6	0.44	0.84	0.55	7.4	0.54	0.68

AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; Cut-off: Marker value at which sensitivity and specificity are optimal; paraff: Immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded specimens; IF: Immunofluorescence staining on cryostat sections; CD: Celiac disease; T1D: Type 1 diabetes.