Radiation therapy has been shown to be adaptable for various stages of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiation therapy vs transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Ref.	Year	Country	Patient numberTACE + RT vs TACE	Child-Pugh (CP-A:CP-B)	Tumor thrombus	Tumor size	Response rate	Over all survival
Koo et al[22]	2010	South Korea	42 vs 29	26:16 vs 17:12	All patients had inferior vena cava tumor thrombus	10 ± 4.0 vs 12 ±3.8 cm	42.9% vs 13.8%	1 yr OS 47.7% vs 17.2%
Zhang et al[24]	2009	China	16 vs 29	13:3 19:10	Stenosis: occlusion	< 10 cm : ≥ 10 cm	N/A	1 yr OS 32.5% vs 6.9%
					14:2 vs 21:9	13:3 vs 21:8
Shim et al[25]	2005	South Korea	38 vs 35	33:5 vs 32:3	yes: no	10.2 vs 9.5cm	65.8% vs N/A	2 yr OS 36.8% vs 14.3%
					12:26 vs 10:25
Zeng et al[20]	2004	China	54 vs 149		Non		76% vs 31%	1 yr OS 71.5% vs 59.6%

TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; RT: Radiation therapy; OS: Overall survival.

Table 2 Stereotactic body radiation therapy in hepatocellular carcionoma

Ref.	Patient number	Tumor	Back ground	Median tumor volume	Median dose (Gy)	Fraction	Follow up (mo)	Local control	Overall survival	Adverse effectAcute toxicity grade≥3Late toxicity grade≥3
Andolino et al[42]	60	HCC	LC (CP-A: 36, CP-B: 24)	3.2 cm	44	3	27	2 yr local control 90%	2 yr OS 67%	0%
										N/A
Choi et al[44]	20	HCC	LC (CP-A: 15, CP-B: 5), PVTT: 4	2-6.5 (3.8 cm)	50	5-10	3-55		1 yr OS 70%	0%
							-23		2 yr sOS 43.1%	N/A
Goodman et al[45]	26	meta	meta: 19, CCC: 5, HCC: 4	0.8-146.6 (32.6 cc)	22.5-46.6	1	2-55		1 yr OS 64.3%	0%
		CCC			-34.8		-17		2 yr OS 50.4%	N/A
		HCC
Huang et al[46]	36	HCC	LC (CP-A: 28, CP-B: 7, CP-C: 1)	1.1-12.3 (4.4 cm)	25-48	4-5	14	1 yr in-field failure free rate 87.6%	2 yr OS 72.6%	2.8% (1: gastric ulcer)
					-37			2 yr in-field failure free rate 75.1%		N/A
Kwon et al[47]	42	HCC	LC (CP-A: 38, CP-B: 4, CP-C: 0)	15.4-81.8 (15.4 cc)	30-39	3	8.4-49.1	1 yr in-field progression-free survival rate 72.0%	1 yr OS 72%	0%
							-28.7	3 yr in-field progression-free survival rate 68.0%	3 yr OS 67.5%	1% (1:liver failure)
Louis et al[36]	25	HCC	LC (CP-A: 22, CP-B: 3)	1.8-10.0 (4.5 cm)	45	3	1-24	1 yr local control rate 95%	1 yr OS 79%	4% (1: hepatic/epgastric pain)
							-12.7		2 yr OS 52%	10% (1: gastro duodenal ulcer,
										1: hepatic toxicity)
Méndez Romero et al[48]	25	meta	meta: 17, HCC: 8	0.5-7.2	25-37.5	3-5	0.5-31	1 yr local control rate 94%	1 yr OS 82%	16% (1: pateient died in a hepatic tixicity and bleeding from varices.
		HCC		(3.2 cm)			-12.9	2 yr local control rate 82%	2 yr OS 54%	3: hepatic toxicity.)
										0%
Takeda et al[50]	16	HCC	LC (CP-A: 14, CP-B: 2)	3.4-72 (13.6 cm3)	35-50	5-7 (6)	8.1-33.1	1 yr local control rate 90% <	All patients were alive	0%
							-20.4			0%
Tse et al[51]	41	HCC	HCC (CP-A: 31), CCC (10)	9-1913	24-54	6	10.8-39.2 (17.6)	1 yr in-field local control rate 65%	1 yr OS 51%	43% (13: hepatic toxicity, 1: hemato toxicity, 1: lethargy, 3 : nausea)
		CCC		(173 mL)	-36					6% (1: GI bleeding, 1: bowel obstruction)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LC: Local control; CP: Child-Pugh.