Procalcitonin and intestinal ischemia: A review of the literature

Table 1 Preclinical data on procalcitonin for the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia

Ref.	Model	Number of animals	Model of ischemia	Range of procalcitonin values (ng/mL)	Assessment methods
Ayten et al[34]	New Zealand rabbits	30	Ligature of a 10-cm distal ileum segment and (in some cases) the mesenteric artery	0.225-0.514	Immunoluminometry
Karabulut et al[35]	New Zealand rabbits	21	Ligature of the superior mesenteric artery	0.11-0.98	ELISA (kit E0689)

Table 2 Clinical data on procalcitonin for the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia

Ref.	Condition	Number of patients	Range of procalcitonin values (ng/mL)	Assay method
Nagata et al[36]	Open aortic surgery	93	< 0.5 - > 10	Immunochromatographic test
Markogiannakis et al[22]	Small and large bowel obstruction	242	4.89-14.35	LUMItest
Cosse et al[23]	Small bowel obstruction	166	0.29-2.03	Kryptor TRACE
Cosse et al[37]	Small bowel obstruction	59	0.06-8.1	Kryptor TRACE
Cosse et al[38]	Ischemic disease (ischemic colitis and mesenteric infarction)	99	0.217-621.2	Kryptor TRACE

Table 3 Diagnostic utility of procalcitonin for the diagnosis of intestinal ischemia

Ref.	Outcome	Threshold (ng/mL)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Positive predictive value (%)	Negative predictive value (%)	Area under the curve
Nagata et al[36]	Colonic ischemia	2	100	83.9	27	100	NR
Markogiannakis et al[22]	Bowel ischemia	0.25	72	73	60	83	0.77
Markogiannakis et al[22]	Bowel necrosis	0.25	83	78	52	95	0.87
Cosse et al[23]	Small bowel ischemia	0.57	83.3	91.3	83.3	91.3	0.91
Cosse et al[37]	Small bowel ischemia	0.53	80	84.8	40	90.7	0.86
Cosse et al[38]	Bowel necrosis	2.47	94.6	68	89.8	80.9	0.92

NR: Not been reached.