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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2014; 20(46): 17516-17524
Published online Dec 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17516
Published online Dec 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17516
Table 1 Clinical and analytical characteristics of patients with TLR4 polymorphisms and wild-type patients n (%)
Polymorphisms (n = 9) | Wild-type (n = 10) | P value | |
Age (yr) | 63.2 (40-78) | 61.0 (42-79) | 0.93 |
Sex (male/female) | 6 (67)/3 (33) | 6 (60)/4 (40) | 1.00 |
Etiology (alcohol/HCV/alcohol + HCV/other) | 3 (33)/3 (33)/2 (22)/1 (11) | 5 (50)/2 (20)/3 (30)/0 (0) | 0.5 |
Child-Pugh score | 7 (5-9) | 6 (5-8) | 0.49 |
MELD score | 11 (6-16) | 12 (6-18) | 0.62 |
Serum bilirubin (μmol/L) | 17.0 (7-41) | 27.5 (9-60) | 0.56 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 32.8 (22.7-49.4) | 35.9 (30.0-43.9) | 0.34 |
INR | 1.10 (1.01-1.48) | 1.22 (0.96-1.39) | 0.68 |
Blood total leukocyte count (× 109/L) | 5.89 (2.75-11.48) | 5.67 (3.84-8.57) | 0.93 |
Blood neutrophil count (× 109/L) | 3.30 (2.00-7.78) | 3.21 (1.61-5.63) | 0.74 |
Blood monocyte count (× 109/L) | 0.59 (0.20-0.98) | 0.66 (0.38-1.00) | 0.46 |
Blood lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 1.00 (0.38-2.15) | 1.41 (0.35-2.22) | 0.39 |
Present ascites | 3 (33) | 3 (30) | 1.00 |
Diuretics | 6 (67) | 9 (90) | 0.30 |
Beta-blockers | 4 (44) | 5 (50) | 1.00 |
Norfloxacin prophylaxis | 5 (55) | 4 (40) | 0.65 |
Table 2 Data of previous complications of cirrhosis in patients with TLR4 polymorphisms and wild-type patients n (%)
Polymorphisms (n = 9) | Wild-type (n = 10) | P value | |
Previous ascites | 9 (100) | 10 (100) | 1.00 |
Previous variceal bleeding | 4 (44) | 2 (20) | 0.35 |
Previous bacterial infections | 8 (89) | 5 (50) | 0.14 |
Number of infections/patient | 2.0 (0-4) | 0.5 (0-5) | 0.14 |
Previous SBP | 5 (55) | 3 (30) | 0.37 |
Previous hepatic encephalopathy | 7 (78) | 2 (20) | 0.02 |
Number of episodes of encephalopathy | 17 | 8 | |
Number of episodes of encephalopathy/patient | 1 (0-5) | 0 (0-7) | 0.03 |
Degree of encephalopathy (episodes) 1/2/3/4 | 5/9/1/2 | 3/4/0/1 | |
Degree of encephalopathy1 | 2.0 (1-4) | 1.9 (1-4) | 0.74 |
Table 3 Spontaneous and stimulated cytokine production by peripheral blood cells in healthy donors and all patients with cirrhosis
Healthy donors (n = 5) | All patients with cirrhosis (n = 19) | P value | |
Spontaneous TNF-α (pg/mL) | < 30 | 602.4 (96.1-3920.1) | 0.001 |
TNF-α after LPS (pg/mL) | 1693 (1185-3709) | 2904 (931-5078) | 0.150 |
TNF-α after LTA (pg/mL) | 638.3 (49.7-1958) | 2440 (241-4798) | 0.006 |
Spontaneous IL-6 (pg/mL) | < 10 | 1537.8 (172.0-26053.9) | 0.001 |
IL-6 after LPS (pg/mL) | 20493 (19499-23042) | 30219 (1362-32680) | 0.006 |
IL-6 after LTA (pg/mL) | 22157 (17390-27010) | 30165 (3269-32707) | 0.005 |
Spontaneous IL-10 (pg/mL) | < 30 | 43.6 (6.5-318.1) | 0.210 |
IL-10 after LPS (pg/mL) | 1309 (590.2-1578) | 939.9 (120.8-2100) | 0.890 |
IL-10 after LTA (pg/mL) | 499.3 (268.7-816.9) | 800.4 (80.72-2077) | 0.150 |
Table 4 Increment in cytokine production expressed as stimulated/spontaneous production fold change in patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 polymorphisms and wild-type patients
Polymorphisms (n = 9) | Wild-type (n = 10) | P value | |
Increment TNF-α after LPS | 5.3 (1.0-17.4) | 3.8 (1.1-17.0) | 0.280 |
Increment TNF-α after LTA | 6.5 (1.2-14.4) | 2.7 (0.2-5.1) | 0.040 |
Increment IL-6 after LPS | 26.0 (14.7-189.9) | 3.3 (1.1-17.0) | < 0.001 |
Increment IL-6 after LTA | 35.2 (15.4-183.6) | 3.0 (1.2-25.6) | < 0.001 |
Increment IL-10 after LPS | 37.8 (9.3-185.1) | 6.3 (0.5-143.9) | 0.006 |
Increment IL-10 after LTA | 32.0 (11.3-70.4) | 3.7 (1.0-23.7) | 0.002 |
Table 5 Spontaneous and stimulated cytokine production by peripheral blood cells in patients with cirrhosis not treated with norfloxacin
Polymorphisms (n = 4) | Wild-type (n = 6) | P value | |
Spontaneous TNF-α (pg/mL) | 464.3 (223.6-3920.1) | 813.1 (591-1573) | 0.25 |
TNF-α after LPS (pg/mL) | 3166 (931.8-5078) | 2936 (1272-4547) | 0.76 |
TNF-α after LTA (pg/mL) | 2766 (2291-4798) | 1927 (241.3-4455) | 0.17 |
Spontaneous IL-6 (pg/mL) | 699.4 (320.8-1145.6) | 5540 (1538-26053.9) | < 0.001 |
IL-6 after LPS (pg/mL) | 27880 (19100-30070) | 29000 (24960-32670) | 0.47 |
IL-6 after LTA (pg/mL) | 29660 (27970-30290) | 29860 (3269-32170) | 1.00 |
Spontaneous IL-10 (pg/mL) | 13.2 (6.5-39.1) | 135.6 (36.2-318.1) | 0.02 |
IL-10 after LPS (pg/mL) | 949.5 (655-1474) | 1467 (334.5-2100) | 0.35 |
IL-10 after LTA (pg/mL) | 606.8 (376-1234) | 897.6 (86.66-1530) | 0.91 |
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Citation: Nieto JC, Sánchez E, Román E, Vidal S, Oliva L, Guarner-Argente C, Poca M, Torras X, Juárez C, Guarner C, Soriano G. Cytokine production in patients with cirrhosis and
TLR4 polymorphisms. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(46): 17516-17524 - URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i46/17516.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17516