Hybrid bioartificial liver support in cynomolgus monkeys with D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure

Table 1 Serum biochemistry with D-galactosamine administration (n = 15)

Indicators	48 h before administration	48 h after administration	P
ALT (U/L)	28.3 ± 4.7	494.2 ± 31.9	4.09 × 10-18
Ammonia (μmol/L)	28.9 ± 3.0	149.5 ± 12.3	3.14 × 10-16
TBiL (μmol/L)	1.2 ± 0.2	16.7 ± 2.1	1.06 × 10-13
TBA (U/L)	6.0 ± 1.4	51.1 ± 7.3	2.46 × 10-13
BUN (μmol/L)	3.7 ± 0.9	6.2 ± 0.9	2.96 × 10-6
Cr (μmol/L)	76.7 ± 5.7	133.5 ± 6.2	1.66 × 10-12
ALB (g/L)	41.3 ± 1.6	37.3 ± 0.6	5.86 × 10-8
Fischer index	3.2 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.1	1.49 × 10-11

ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; TBA: Total bile acid; TBiL: Total bilirubin.

Table 2 Hepatocyte changes with hybrid bioartificial liver support

Indicators	0 h	24 h	48 h	72 h
Hepatocytes (n× 109)	4.1 ± 0.3	3.9 ± 0.4	3.8 ± 0.3	3.0 ± 0.1
P	-	0.3675	0.2254	0.0239
A value	0.985 ± 0.105	0.919 ± 0.048	0.751 ± 0.024	0.530 ± 0.053
P	-	0.3900	0.0610	0.0173

P values are vs 0 h.

Table 3 Liver cell function during hybrid bioartificial liver support system support

Indicator	0 h	24 h	48 h	72 h
ALT (IU)	25.9 ± 4.2	28.3 ± 4.9	31.0 ± 2.6	72.1 ± 10.7a
AST (IU)	22.0 ± 3.6	27.9 ± 10.0	31.6 ± 8.0	68.3 ± 12.7a
LDH (mmol)	0.28 ± 0.09	0.31 ± 0.10	0.41 ± 0.12	0.74 ± 0.18a
Urea (mmol)	2.28 ± 0.24	2.02 ± 0.21	1.82 ± 0.26	1.69 ± 0.20a
ALB (mg)	18.67 ± 2.57	17.42 ± 1.70	14.86 ± 1.47	13.58 ± 1.61a

^aP < 0.05 vs 0 h. ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.

Table 4 General vital signs of a cynomolgus monkey during treatment

Time (h)	Heart rate (per min)	P	Blood oxygen (%)	P	Respiratory rate (per min)	P	Artery blood pressure (mmHg)	P
0	90.5 ± 3.8	-	99.7 ± 0.5	-	15.3 ± 1.2	-	114.6 ± 4.1	-
1	94.1 ± 3.4	0.000959	99.6 ± 0.5	0.343436	13.9 ± 1.4	0.000528	117.9 ± 4.8	0.000093
2	92.7 ± 3.8	0.005743	99.1 ± 0.7	0.005121	15.4 ± 2.0	0.797625	116.9 ± 6.4	0.102480
3	98.1 ± 3.1	0.000002	99.4 ± 0.5	0.193422	16.8 ± 1.9	0.006689	110.4 ± 4.5	0.003146
4	91.9 ± 3.8	0.271246	99.0 ± 0.8	0.009535	15.2 ± 1.4	0.780352	110.5 ± 4.8	0.002654
5	89.6 ± 3.5	0.330509	99.6 ± 0.5	0.678310	15.5 ± 2.0	0.678310	108.8 ± 5.9	0.002654
6	91.2 ± 4.6	0.381557	99.7 ± 0.5	1	16.4 ± 1.6	0.003241	113.7 ± 4.7	0.261975
Average	92.6 ± 4.4	-	99.4 ± 0.6	-	15.5 ± 1.8	-	113.3 ± 5.8	-

P values vs 0 h.

Table 5 Survival results

Group	Survived	Survival time	95%CI
	(n)	(h)
Control (n = 5)	0	112.8 ± 2.06	108.76-116.84
Experimental (n = 10)	5	128 ± 3.32	121.49-134.51

CI: Confidence interval.