Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases

Table 1 Indirect evidence for efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	SCT	Original indication	No./type IBD	Conditioning	Results/remarks
Drakos et al[37]	Allo-SCT	NHL	1/fistulizing CD	BCNU/Etoposide, Cy, ara-C and Melphalan	Remission/6 mo follow up
Kashyap et al[40]	Auto-SCT	NHL	1/Perianal CD	Cy,VP16+TBI	Remission 7 yr/Crohn’s at age 13 yr ASCT at 20 yr
Lopez-Cubero et al[38]	Allo-SCT	Leukemia	5/CD	Cy/TBI	3 pts has lasting remission
Söderholm et al[41]	Auto-SCT	AML	1/Fistulizing CD	Cy/TBI	Remission 5 yr
Ditschkowski et al[39]	Auto-SCT	AML/CML/MDS	11/7 CD +4 UC	Various	Remission in 10/Follow up 34 mo
Anumakonda et al[42]	Auto-SCT	NHL	1/CD	CHOP	Remission 8 yr/Relapse after 8 yr

CD: Crohn’s disease; NHL: Non-Hodgkin’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; Cy: Cyclophosphamide; AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; MDS: Myelodysplastic syndrome; CML: Chronic myeloid leukemia; TBI: Total body irradiation; CHOP: Cyclophosphamide Adriamycin Vincristine Prednisone.

Table 2 Direct evidence for efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	SCT/MSCT	No. treated/type IBD	Conditioning	Results
Burt et al[44]	Auto-HSCT	2/Crohn’s, fistulas, CDAI > 250	Cy + ATG	CDAI,CRP, albumin normalized; remission > 1 yr
Kreisel et al[46]	Auto-HSCT	1/ileocolic Crohn’s	Cy + ATG	9 mo complete remission
García-Olmo et al[52]	Auto-HSCT Adipose tissue	1/recurrent rectovaginal fistulas	None necessary	3 mo asymptomatic
García-Olmo et al[53]	MSCT	5/fistulas	None necessary	Follow up 22 mo; 75% healing
Oyama et al[47]	Auto-HSCT	12/fistula 6, stenosis 3, perianal 4; most have surgery	Cy + ATG	11 sustained remission (CDAI < 150) after median 18.5 mo; 1 relapse > 15 mo
Cassinotti et al[49]	Auto-HSCT	4/stenosis, fistulas, bleeding	Cy + ATG	All clinical remission at 3 m, 1 relapse after 4 mo; Sustained remission in 3 after 16.5 m o
Glocker et al[51]	Allo-HSCT	1/perianal fistula	Alemtuzumab, fludarabine, treosulfan, thiotepa	Remission 2 yr; 9-year-old child
Burt et al[48]	Auto-HSCT	24/Crohn’s	Cy + ATG	91% remission 1 yr, 57% for 3 yr, 19% for 5 yr
Cassinotti et al[49]	Auto-HSCT	10/Crohn’s	Cy + ATG	80% remission > 1 yr, 40% > 3 yr and 30% > 5 yr
Hasselblatt et al[50]	Auto-HSCT	12/Crohn’s	Cy + G-CSF	5 complete remission within 6 m, relapses occurred in 7. Mean follow-up 3.1 yr (range 0.5-10.3)
Forbes et al[54]	MSCT, weekly for 4 wk	16/Crohn’s disease (CDAI > 250)	None necessary	CDAI declined from median 327 to 129 (day 42). Clinical response 12 pts; Clinical remission 8 pts. Endoscopic improvement in 7 pts

Cy: Cyclophosphamide; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor; HSCT: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; MSCT: Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.