Applicability and efficacy of a model for prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection: Single center study in Egypt

Table 1 Risk factors for acquisition of hepatitis B virus in the studied population n (%)

	HBsAg negative (n = 82)	HBsAg positive (n = 35)	P value	OR	95%CI
Occupation
Housewife	77 (93.9)	35 (100)	0.320	-	-
Working	5 (6.1)	0 (0)
HBV vaccination	4 (4.9)	0 (0)	0.315	-	-
History of injections	34 (41.5)	28 (80)	< 0.001	5.65	2.2-14.42
History of medical clinic attendance	43 (52.4)	31 (88.6)	< 0.001	7.02	2.27-21.71
History of hospital admission	34 (41.5)	29 (82.9)	< 0.001	6.82	2.55-18.23
History of sutures	54 (65.9)	29 (82.9)	0.064	2.50	0.93-6.74
History of surgeries	41 (50)	28 (80)	0.003	4	1.57-10.18
History of drained abscesses	5 (6.1)	4 (11.4)	0.440	1.98	0.50-7.89
History of urinary catheter	32 (39)	20 (57.1)	0.071	2.08	0.93-4.65
History of blood transfusion	7 (8.5)	3 (8.6)	1	1	0.24-4.13
History of endoscopy	4 (4.9)	3 (8.6)	0.420	1.82	0.38-8.63
History of dental treatment	42 (51.2)	23 (65.7)	0.140	1.82	0.80-4.15
History of schistosomiasis	0 (0)	0 (0)
History of nail care	6 (7.3)	5 (14.3)	0.301	2.11	0.59-7.44
Ear piercing	81 (98.8)	35 (100)	1	-	-
Circumcision	81 (98.8)	32 (91.4)	0.075	0.13	0.01-1.27
History of cauterization	1 (1.2)	0 (0)	1	0.69	0.62-0.78
History suggestive of previous hepatitis	1 (1.2)	0 (0)	1	-	-
Family history suggestive of hepatitis	16 (19.5)	17 (48.6)	0.001	3.89	1.65-9.20

HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

Table 2 Hepatitis B virus markers profile of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive pregnant women recruited in the study

Study ID	HBsAg	HBeAg	HBeAb	PCR	HBsAb	HBcIgM	HBcTotal
2	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (509)	-ve	-ve	+ve
4	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (213)	-ve	-ve	+ve
7	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (90)	-ve	-ve	+ve
8	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (2530)	-ve	-ve	+ve
9	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (147)	-ve	-ve	+ve
13	+ve	+ve	-ve	+ve (54700)	-ve	-ve	+ve
14	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (387)	-ve	-ve	+ve
15	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (1790)	-ve	-ve	+ve
16	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (12500)	-ve	-ve	+ve
17	+ve	+ve	-ve	+ve (314000)	-ve	-ve	+ve
18	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (989000000)	-ve	-ve	+ve
21	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (832)	-ve	-ve	+ve
23	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (4010)	-ve	-ve	+ve
26	+ve	+ve	-ve	+ve (39000000)	-ve	-ve	+ve
28	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (79)	-ve	-ve	+ve
30	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (272)	-ve	-ve	+ve
31	+ve	-ve	-ve	+ve (64)	-ve	-ve	+ve
35	+ve	-ve	+ve	+ve (72)	-ve	-ve	+ve

Cases number 1, 3, 5, 6, 10-12, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 32-34 were positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBcTotal, and negative for hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb), hepatitis B core antigen IgM (HBcIgM), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) PCR.

Table 3 Hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine administered to the infants born to hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive women n (%)

		Age of administration	n = 34
HBIG	Not Given		3 (8.8)
	Given	1st 12 h	22 (64.7)
		12-24 h	4 (11.8)
		24-48 h	5 (14.7)
HBV vaccine	1st dose	1st dose within 48 h of delivery	31 (91.2)
		1st dose at the age of 9 d	1 (2.9)
		1st dose at the age of 2 mo	2 (5.9)
	2nd dose	2nd dose at age 1 mo	32 (94.1)
		2nd dose at age 4 mo	2 (5.9)
	3rd dose	3rd dose at 6 mo	31 (91.2)
	4th dose	4th dose at 7 mo	3 (8.8)

HBIG: Hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.

Table 4 Profile of infants born to hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive women recruited in the study

Case number	HBV DNA at birth	HBIG within 48 h of delivery	First dose of HBV vaccine within 48 h of delivery	Second dose of HBV vaccine at age of 1 mo	Third dose of HBV vaccine at age of 6 mo	Fourth dose of HBV vaccine at age of 7 mo	HBsAg at age of 6 mo	HBsAb at age of 6 mo	HBsAb 1 mo after 3rd dose of vaccine	HBsAb 1 mo after 4th dose of vaccine
1	-	No	No1	Yes	Yes	Yes	-ve	-ve	-ve	+ve
4	-ve	Yes2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	+ve	-ve	-ve	-
9	-ve	Yes3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-ve	-ve	-ve	-ve
13	-	No	No4	No4	Yes	No	-ve	+ve	-	-
15	-	No	No4	No4	Yes	No	-ve	+ve	-	-
18	+ve	Yes3	Yes	Yes	No	No	-	-	-	-
24	-	No	No	No	No	No	-	-	-	-
28	-ve	Yes3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	-ve	-ve	-ve	+ve

¹The infant received the first dose of HBV vaccine at the age of 9 d;

²Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) at 12-24 h after birth;

³HBIG within the first 12 h after birth;

⁴Infants received the first and second doses of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine at the age of 2 and 4 mo respectively. Cases number 2, 3, 5-8, 10-12, 14, 16-17, 19-23, 26, 27, 29, 31-33, 35 were negative for HBV DNA at birth, received HBIG and first dose of HBV vaccine within 48 h after birth, received second and third doses of HBV vaccine at 1 and 6 mo of age respectively, were HBsAg negative and HBsAb positive at 6 mo of age; Cases number 30 and 34 were negative for HBV DNA at birth, received HBIG and first dose of HBV vaccine within 48 h after birth, received second dose of HBV vaccine at 1 mo, and were lost to follow up at 6 mo; Case number 25 had an abortion. HBsAb: Hepatitis B surface antibodies; HBsAg: Hepatitis B virus surface antigen.