Prevalence of and risk factors for gallstones in Uighur and Han Chinese

Table 1 Variable assignments

Name	Negative assignment	Positive assignment
Gender	Male = 0	Female = 1
Age	≤ 50 = 0	> 50 = 1
Ethnic group	Han = 0	Uighur = 1
Hypertension	Normal or less than normal = 0	Hypertension = 1
Diabetes	Normal or less than normal = 0	FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L = 1
Fatty liver	(- ) = 0	(+ ) = 1
TG	TG ≤ 1.70 mmol/L = 0	TG > 1.70 mmol/L = 1
TC	≤ 5.18 mmol/L = 0	> 5.18 mmol/L = 1
HDL-C	≥ 1.04 mmol/L = 0	< 1.04 mmol/L = 1

TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 2 Gallstone prevalence rates in different ethnic groups

		Prevalence rate	χ2	P value
Han	Male ( ≤ 50)	8.24% (280/3396)	117.02	0.00
	(> 50)	18.44% (328/1779)
	Female ( ≤ 50)	5.45% (120/22320)	306.52	0.00
	(> 50)	28.29% (228/806)
	Total ( ≤ 50)	7.11% (400/5628)	357.22	0.00
	(> 50)	21.51% (556/2585)
	Total male	11.75% (608/5175)	0.16	0.69
	Total female	11.45% (348/3038)
Uighur	Male ( ≤ 50)	13.96% (68/487)	31.98	0.00
	(> 50)	30.67% (92/300)
	Female ( ≤ 50)	11.58% (36/311)	121.82	0.00
	(> 50)	61.11% (88/144)
	Sum ( ≤ 50)	13.03% (104/798)	122.42	0.00
	(> 50)	40.54% (180/444)
	Total male	20.33% (160/787)	7.83	0.01
	Total female	27.25% (124/455)

Table 3 Analysis of general data in gallstone group and controls based on different ethnic groups

		Age	BMI	Fatty liver	Debates	Hypertension	TG	TC	LDL	HDL
Sum(9455)	GST (1240)	54.65 ± 12.98	26.41 ± 3.64	46.13%	7.74%	33.55%	2.02 ± 1.35	4.89 ± 0.90	2.79 ± 0.76	1.28 ± 0.31
	Control group (8215)	44.21 ± 12.57	24.77 ± 3.62	34.16%	3.70%	24.25%	1.79 ± 1.52	4.84 ± 1.02	2.81 ± 1.57	1.34 ± 0.41
	χ2 or t	27.14	14.87	67.25	43.43	49.09	5.05	1.70	0.53	4.50
	P	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.09	0.59	0.00
Han(8213)	GST (956)	55.07 ± 13.65	26.00 ± 3.53	44.35%	8.37%	35.15%	2.03 ± 1.21	4.84 ± 0.86	2.72 ± 0.75	1.29 ± 0.33
	Control group (7257)	44.21 ± 12.69	24.60 ± 3.42	33.82%	3.47%	24.75%	1.80 ± 1.53	4.84 ± 1.00	2.80 ± 1.64	1.34 ± 0.42
	χ2 or t	23.31	11.84	41.19	52.20	47.52	4.53	0.03	1.49	3.99
	P	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.97	0.14	0.00
Uighur(1242)	GST (284)	53.23 ± 10.29	27.80 ± 3.68	47.89%	5.63%	28.17%	2.00 ± 1.76	5.05 ± 1.00	3.01 ± 0.77	1.26 ± 0.24
	Control group (958)	44.18 ± 11.67	26.09 ± 4.62	36.74%	5.43%	20.46%	1.77 ± 1.42	4.86 ± 1.09	2.89 ± 0.88	1.29 ± 0.37
	χ2 or t	12.60	6.49	11.41	0.02	7.53	2.29	2.70	1.30	2.40
	P	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.89	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.20	0.03

BMI: Body-mass index; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; GST: Gallstone.

Table 4 Analysis of general data in Han and Uygur patients with gallstones

Item	Uighur (n = 284)	Han (n = 956)	χ2or t	P value
Age	55.07 ± 13.65	53.23 ± 10.29	7.47	0.00
BMI	27.80 ± 3.68	26.00 ± 3.53	2.44	0.02
TG	2.00 ± 1.76	2.03 ± 1.21	0.30	0.76
TC	5.05 ± 1.00	4.84 ± 0.86	3.49	0.00
LDL	3.01 ± 0.77	2.72 ± 0.75	5.75	0.00
HDL	1.26 ± 0.24	1.29 ± 0.33	1.34	0.18
Fatty liver	52.11%	44.35%	5.31	0.02
Diabetes	5.63%	8.37%	2.92	0.13
Hypertension	28.17%	35.15%	4.78	0.03
Female/male	43.66%	36.40%	4.90	0.03

BMI: Body-mass index; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.

Table 5 Non-conditional logistic regression analysis for gallstones

Variable	β	SE	P value	OR	95%CI
Ethnicity	0.74	0.08	0.00	2.09	1.77-2.46
TG	0.31	0.07	0.00	1.36	1.19-1.55
BMI	0.07	0.00	0.00	1.07	1.06-1.09
Age	0.06	0.00	0.00	1.06	1.06-1.07

BMI: Body-mass index; TG: Triglycerides.

Table 6 Non-conditional logistic regression analysis in different ethnic groups

	Variable	β	SE	P value	OR	95%CI
Uighur	Gender	0.80	0.15	0.00	2.21	1.64-2.99
	Fatty liver	0.48	0.15	0.00	1.62	1.21-2.17
	TC	0.31	0.15	0.04	1.37	1.02-1.83
	Age	0.07	0.01	0.00	1.07	1.06-1.09
Han	HDL	0.29	0.09	0.00	1.34	1.12-1.59
	TG	0.28	0.08	0.00	1.33	1.15-1.54
	BMI	0.08	0.01	0.00	1.09	1.06-1.11
	Age	0.06	0.00	0.00	1.06	1.06-1.07

BMI: Body-mass index; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.