Risk factor analysis of perioperative mortality after ruptured bleeding in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Comparison of different treatment options

Treatment option	Cases (n)	Death (n)	Perioperative death rate
Non-surgical treatment	10	7	70.00%
TAE	16	3	18.80%
Surgical treatment
Hepatic artery ligation	4	1	25.00%
Suture hemostasis	11	4	36.40%
Hepatic resection	19	2	10.50%
Summary	60	17	28.30%

TAE: Transcatheter arterial embolization.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of the risk factors of mortality after liver resection n (%)

Indexes	Mortality		P value
	Yes	No
Gender
Male	6 (85.7)	24 (88.9)	NS
Female	1 (14.3)	3 (11.2)	NS
Age (yr)	56.2 ± 7.2	52.8 ± 6.1	NS
Shock	7 (100)	17 (62.3)	0.041
Liver cirrhosis (n)	7 (100)	25 (92.3)	NS
Tumour diameter (cm)	12.4 ± 3.6	10.7 ± 4.4	NS
Child grade
A	0	13 (48.1)	NS
B	4 (57.1)	12 (44.4)	NS
C	3 (42.3)	2 (7.4)	0.005
Blood transfusion	2100	1200	0.037
Total bilirubin	61.1 ± 12.5	22.3 ± 8.9	0.024
Plasma-albumin	35.3 ± 4.4	36.3 ± 4.6	NS
Portal vein tumor-thrombosis	2 (28.6)	5 (18.5)	NS
Ascites
Yes	1 (14.3)	2 (7.4)	NS
No	6 (85.6)	25 (92.6)	NS
AFP	11750 ± 3460	6771 ± 2430	NS
ALT	143 ± 26	127 ± 36	NS
PT (INR)	12.7 ± 1.3	11.8 ± 0.9	NS

AFP: Alpha fetal protein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; PT: Prothrombin time; NS: Not significant.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of the risk factors of mortality after transcatheter arterial embolization n (%)

Indexes	Mortality		P value
	Yes	No
Gender
Male	3	9	NS
Female	0	4
Age (yr)	63.1 ± 4.3	60.4 ± 7.7	NS
Shock	3 (100)	8 (61.5)	0.044
Liver cirrhosis	3	13	NS
Tumor diameter	13.2 ± 3.4	9.1 ± 4.4	0.047
Child grade
A
B	1	9	NS
C	2 (66.7)	4 (30.8)	0.007
Blood transfusion	1400	800	0.036
Total bilirubin	50.2 ± 7.5	44.3 ± 10.1	NS
Plasma-albumin	33.2.3 ± 3.7	35.4 ± 5.1	NS
Portal vein tumor-thrombosis	2 (66.7)	4 (30.8)	NS
Ascites
Yes	1 (33.3)	5 (38.5)	NS
No	2	9	NS
AFP	12334 ± 2365	10776 ± 4472	NS
ALT	276 ± 55	187 ± 43	NS
PT (INR)	17.2 ± 3.1	14.8 ± 4.2	NS

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). AFP: Alpha fetal protein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; PT: Prothrombin time; NS: Not significant.