Laparoscopic pancreatectomy: Indications and outcomes

Table 1 Summary of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy series comparing the pre-operative variables and intra-operative outcomes laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and open distal pancreatectomy

Ref.	LDP/ODP	BMI	Comorbidity	Splenic preservation	OR time (min)	Blood loss (cc)	Conversion
Abu Hilal et al[2]	35/16	N/A	N/A	40%/19%	200/225	200/394a	0.0%
Fox et al[3]	42/76	27.3/26.5	NS	35.7%/22.4%	304/281	375/375	11.9%
Mehta et al[4]	30/30	N/A	N/A	70%/30%a	188/226	294/729a	N/A
Limongelli et al[5]	16/29	26.4/27.1	NS	31%/14%	204/160a	160/365a	6.0%
Soh et al[6]	10/21	25/21	NS	N/A	383/330	275/600a	N/A
Butturini et al[7]	43/73	N/A	N/A	44.2%/11%a	180/180	N/A	0.0%
Cho et al[8]	254/439	NS	NS	34%/10%a	NS	24%/54% (> 300cc)	9.4%
Aly et al[9]	40/35	21/21	N/A	32%/8%a	342/250a	363/606a	10.0%
DiNorcia et al[10]	71/192	N/A	NS	15.5%/15.6%	250/270a	150/900a	25.3%
Jayaraman et al[11]	107/236	27/27	N/A	21%/14%	194/163a	150/350a	30.0%
Kooby et al[12]	23/189	28.5/26.2	NS	N/A	238/230	422/790a	17.0%
Vijan et al[13]	100/100	27.4/27.9	NS	25%/N/A	214/208	171/519a	4.0%
Baker et al[14]	27/85	N/A	NS	N/A	236/253	219.4/612.6a	3.6%
Finan et al[15]	44/104	28.3/26.9	NS	2%/2.7%	156/200a	157/719a	4.1%
Nakamura et al[16]	21/16	23.4/21.3	NS	35%/31%	308/282	249/714a	4.8%
Bruzoni et al[17]	7/4	29.5/29	N/A	100%/100%	182/152	214/362	0.0%
Eom et al[18]	31/62	22.2/23	N/A	42%/NR	217.7/194.8	N/A	N/A
Kim et al[19]	93/35	23.4/23.9	NS	40.9%/5.7%a	195/190	NS	N/A
Matsumoto et al[20]	14/19	N/A	NS	N/A	290.7/213.8a	247.1/400.3	7.0%
Misawa et al[21]	8/9	N/A	N/A	12.5%/0%	255/205	14/307a	0.0%
Tang et al[22]	9/5	N/A	NS	55.6%/0%	180/210	100/450a	0.0%
Teh et al[23]	12/16	26.4/27.5	NS	41.7%/6.3%	212/278a	193/609a	16.0%
Velanovich et al[24]	15/15	N/A	N/A	0%/0%	N/A	N/A	20.0%
Fernández-Cruz et al[25]	5/41	N/A	N/A	100%/39.9%	N/A	450/N/A	N/A

Summary of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) series comparing the pre-operative variables and intra-operative outcomes LDP and open distal pancreatectomy (ODP). The results are shown as “LDP/ODP”;

^aP < 0.05. NS: Statistically non-significant between the two groups; N/A: Data not available.

Table 2 Summary of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy series comparing the post-operative outcomes in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and open distal pancreatectomy

Ref.	Hospital stay	Mortality	Morbidity	Re-operation	Pancreatic fistula	Tumour size (cm)	% Malignancy	Margin positivity	Lymph node harvest
Abu Hilal et al[2]	7/11a	0%/6%	40%/69%	N/A	29%/44%	3.4/3.3	11%/25%	2.9%/6.2%	N/A
Fox et al[3]	5/7a	0	21.4%/19.7%	4.76%/2.63%	28.57%/13.16%a	2.9/3.5	4.8%/2.6%	N/A	N/A
Mehta et al[4]	8.7/12.6a	0%/3.3%	50%/43.3%	3.3%/6.7%	16.7%/13.3%1	3.8/4.3	23.3%/23.3%	N/A	8.4/13.8
Limongelli et al[5]	6.4/8.8a	0%/3%	25%/41%	0%/7%	18%/20%	3.2/4.3a	37%/45%	6%/7%	N/A
Soh et al[6]	5/8a	0	70%/57.1%	N/A	70%/42.9%	2.45/5a	10%/66.7%a	N/A	2/4a
Butturini et al[7]	8/9	0	48.2/45.2%	9.3%/9.6%	29.7%/13.7%	3.9/4.0	4.7%/2.7%	N/A	N/A
Cho et al[8]	16%/54% (> 7d)	0.5%/1%	12%/15%	1%/3%	23%/27%	40%/58% (> 3.5 cm)	9%/29%	N/A	N/A
Aly et al[9]	22/27a	0	20%/31%	N/A	12%/17%	3/4	N/A	N/A	N/A
DiNorcia et al[10]	5/6a	0%/1%	28.2%/43.8%a	5.6%/3.6%	11.3%/14.1%	2.5/3.6a	12.7%/38.5%a	2.8%/13%a	6/8
Jayaraman et al[11]	5/7a	0%/0.8%	27%/40%a	2%/2%	15%/13%	3/3a	17%/47%a	3%/4%	6/7
Kooby et al[12]	7.4/10.7a	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	3.5/4.5	100%/100%	26%/27%	13.8/12.5
Vijan et al[13]	6.1/8.6a	3%/1%	34%/29%	N/A	17%/17%	3.3/4a	23%/23%	0	NS
Baker et al[14]	4.0/8.6a	0%/2%	37%/35%	N/A	22%/14%	3.78/4.03	30.1%/29.0%	N/A	5.2/9.4a
Finan et al[15]	5.9/8.6a	0%/4.8%	NS	N/A	50%/46%	3.26/7.73a	25%/42%a	0	N/A
Nakamura et al[16]	10/25.8a	N/A	0%/18.8%	N/A	0%/12.5%1	4.8/4.1a	14.3%/6.25%	N/A	N/A
Bruzoni et al[17]	6.2/9	N/A	14.2%/0%	N/A	N/A	2.3/3.8	0%/0%	0	N/A
Eom et al[18]	11.5/13.5a	0	35.5%/24.2%	N/A	9.7%/6.5%	3.95/6.15a	9.7%/6.5%	N/A	N/A
Kim et al[19]	10/16a	0	24.7%/29%	N/A	8.6%/14.3%	3/3	0	N/A	N/A
Matsumoto et al[20]	12.9/23.8a	0	7.1%/21.1%	N/A	0%/10.5%	3.0/3.4	0	N/A	N/A
Misawa et al[21]	10/16a	0	N/A	N/A	0%/22%	7.5/2	0%/0%	N/A	N/A
Tang et al[22]	7/11	0	33.3%/0%	N/A	22.2%/0%	N/A	0%/0%	0%/0%	N/A
Teh et al[23]	6.2/10.6a	0	16.7%/56.2%a	0	8.3%/6.2%	3.4/3.4	0%/0%	N/A	N/A
Velanovich et al[24]	5/8a	N/A	20%/27%	N/A	13%/13%	N/A	20%/32%	N/A	N/A
Fernández-Cruz et al[25]	6/12	N/A	20%/48%	20%/0%	N/A/12.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

¹Denotes pancreatic fistula rates for grades B and C. Summary of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) series comparing the post-operative outcomes in LDP and open distal pancreatectomy (ODP). The results are shown as “LDP/ODP”;

^aP < 0.05. NS: Statistically non-significant between the two groups; N/A: Data not available. In the pancreatic fistula column, the default is recording percentage of patients with pancreatic fistula of all grades and severity.

Table 3 Summary of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy series comparing the pre-operative variables and intra-operative outcomes minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy and open pancreaticoduodenectomy

Ref.	TLPD	LAPD	HAPD	OPD	BMI	Comorbidity	Indication	Pylorus preservation	OR time (min)	Blood loss (cc)	Conversion
Asbun et al[35]	53	N/A	N/A	215	27.6/26.6	NS	N/A	73.6%/45.6%a	541/401a	195/1032a	15%
Kuroki et al[36]	N/A	20	N/A	31	21.9/22.9	NS	N/A	80%/83.9%	656.6/554.6	376.6/1509.5a	0
Zureikat et al[37]	14	N/A	N/A	14	28.5/30	NS	N/A	0/0	456/372a	300/400	14%
Cho et al[38]	N/A	15	N/A	15	23/25	NS	N/A	100%/100%	338/287	445/552	0

Summary of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) series comparing the pre-operative variables and intra-operative outcomes MIPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). The results are shown as “MIPD/OPD”;

^aP < 0.05. TLPD: Total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; LAPD: Laparoscopically assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy; HAPD: Hand-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy; NS: Statistically non-significant between the two groups; N/A: Data not available.

Table 4 Summary of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy series comparing the post-operative outcomes in minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy and open pancreaticoduodenectomy

Study	Hospital stay	Mortality	Overall morbidity	Re-operation	Pancreatic fistula	Tumour size (cm)	PDAC	Margin positivity	Lymph node harvest
Asbun et al[35]	8/12.4a	5.7%/8.8%	NS	3.8%/7%	16.7%/17.3%	2.74/3.14	41.5%/46.5%	5.1%/17%	23.44/16.84a
Kuroki et al[36]	N/A	N/A	NS	N/A	45%/39%	N/A	0/12.9%	N/A	N/A
Zureikat et al[37]	8/8.5	7%/0%	62%/42.8%	7%/7%	36%/42.8%	2.2/3.6a	57%/57%	0/8.3%	18.5/19.1
Cho et al[38]	16.4/15.6	0	27%/27%	N/A	13%/13%	N/A	6.7%/13.3%	0	18.5/20

Summary of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) series comparing the post-operative outcomes in MIPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). The results are shown as “MIPD/OPD”;

^aP < 0.05. N/A: Data not available.