Apolipoprotein C3 (-455T>C) polymorphism confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Southern Han Chinese population

Table 1 Clinical characteristics between the control group and the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group n (%)

Item	Control	NAFLD	P value	Frequency of disorders in NAFLD group
Gender (n)				--
Male	200	200	1.0	--
Female	100	100	1.0	--
Age (yr)	39.5 ± 9.1	40.7 ± 9.7	0.11	--
BMI (kg/m2)	22.1 ± 2.8	26.3 ± 4.2	< 0.001	186 (62.0)
Blood pressure (mmHg)	--	--	--	64 (21.3)
Systolic pressure	119 ± 13	127 ± 13	< 0.001	--
Diastolic pressure	75 ± 10	82 ± 9	< 0.001	--
HDL (mmol/L)	--	--	--	128 (42.7)
Male	1.4 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	< 0.001	107 (53.5)
Female	1.4 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.3	< 0.001	21 (21.0)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 0.5	5.4 ± 1.0	< 0.001	122 (40.7)
TG (mmol/L)	1.0 ± 0.5	2.5 ± 2.5	< 0.001	119 (39.7)
UA (μmol/L)	--	--	--	104 (34.7)
Male	335.3 ± 51.2	415.5 ± 97.2	< 0.001	89 (44.5)
Female	241.3 ± 39.5	324.0 ± 83.6	< 0.001	15 (15.0)
LDL (mmol/L)	2.7 ± 0.5	3.3 ± 0.9	< 0.001	90 (30.0)
FPI (μU/mL)	6.0 ± 3.1	10.62 ± 4.5	< 0.001	--
HOMA-IR	1.2 ± 0.7	2.4 ± 1.2	< 0.001	74 (24.7)
FPG (mmol/L)	4.8 ± 0.5	5.3 ± 1.1	< 0.001	67 (22.3)
ALT (U/L)	19.0 ± 8.7	42.1 ± 32.6	< 0.001	114 (38.0)
AST (U/L)	24.1 ± 4.9	33.1 ± 14.8	< 0.001	148 (49.3)

NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; HDL: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; UA: Uric acid; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPI: Fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; ALT: Alanine aminotranferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.

Table 2 Association between Apolipoprotein C3 (-455T>C) polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease susceptibility n (%)

Genotype	Group		P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
	Control group	NAFLD group
TT	134 (44.7)	94 (31.3)	-	1
TC	123 (41.0)	131 (43.7)	0.0091	1.77 (1.16-2.72)1
CC	43 (14.3)	75 (25.0)	< 0.0012	2.80 (1.64-4.79)2

¹TC vs TT;

²CC vs TT. NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Table 3 Correlation between Apolipoprotein C3 (-455T>C) polymorphism and insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group n (%)

Genotype	Metabolic component		P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
	Non-IR	IR
TT	78 (34.5)	16 (21.7)	-	1
TC	99 (43.8)	32 (43.2)	0.061	1.96 (0.97-3.96)1
CC	49 (21.7)	26 (35.1)	0.002	3.24 (1.52-6.92)2
	Non-IGT	IGT
TT	77 (33.0)	17 (25.4)	-	1
TC	98 (42.1)	33 (49.2)	0.231	-
CC	58 (24.9)	17 (25.4)	0.892	-

¹TC vs TT;

²CC vs TT. IR: Insulin resistance; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance.

Table 4 Correlation between Apolipoprotein C3 (-455T>C) polymorphism and hypertension, dyslipidemia in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group n (%)

Genotype	Metabolic component		P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
	Non-hypertension	Hypertension
TT	82 (34.7)	12 (18.8)	-	1
TC	102 (43.2)	29 (45.3)	0.041	2.16 (1.02-4.57)1
CC	52 (22.1)	23 (35.9)	0.0032	3.42 (1.53-7.60)2
	Non-hypertriglyceridemia	Hypertriglyceridemia
TT	71 (39.3)	23 (19.3)	-	1
TC	77 (42.5)	54 (45.4)	0.021	2.03 (1.12-3.68)1
CC	33 (18.2)	42 (35.3)	< 0.0012	3.80 (1.95-7.41)2
	Normal HDL	Low HDL
TT	63 (36.6)	31 (24.2)	-	1
TC	75 (43.6)	56 (43.8)	0.301	1.36 (0.76 -2.42)1
CC	34 (19.8)	41 (32.0)	0.012	2.34 (1.21 -4.52)2
	Non-hypercholesterolemia	Hypercholesterolemia
TT	57 (32.0)	37 (30.3)	-	1
TC	81 (45.5)	50 (41.0)	0.521	-
CC	40 (22.5)	35 (28.7)	0.202	-
	Normal LDL	Increased LDL
TT	65 (31.0)	29 (32.2)	-	1
TC	89 (42.3)	42 (46.7)	0.411	-
CC	56 (26.7)	19 (21.1)	0.332	-

¹TC vs TT;

²CC vs TT. HDL: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 5 Apolipoprotein C3 (-455T>C) polymorphism among different ethnicities: data from the literature n (%)

Ref.	Ethnicity	Genotype of APOC3 (-455T>C)
		TT	TC	CC
Kozlitina et al[10]	African Americans	106 (8.7)	484 (39.9)	623 (51.4)
Kozlitina et al[10]	Europeans	316 (38.4)	390 (47.4)	117 (14.2)
Kozlitina et al[10]	Hipanics	163 (37.7)	209 (48.4)	60 (13.9)
Hyysalo et al[12]	Finns	145 (33.7)	190 (44.2)	95 (22.1)
Niu et al[20]	Northern Chinese	206 (25.8)	375 (46.9)	218 (27.3)