Occult hepatitis B virus infection among Mexican human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients

Table 1 Overall demographic, serological, and clinical data of the study population

HIV-1 infected patients	n = 55	95%CI (%)
Ratio M:F	3:1
Age range (yr)	18-73
HIV/HBV coinfection (HBsAg+)	6	10.7 (5.0-21.4)
HIV-1 patients included (HbsAg-)	49	89.0 (78.2-94.9)
Seropositive OHBI (SP)	27	49.0 (36.4-61.9)
Seronegative OHBI (SN)	22	40.0 (28.1-53.2)
Range of HIV RNA viral load in plasma (log10 copies/mL)	ND-5.1
CD4+ cell/mm3	70-1500

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; SP: One or more HBV serological marker except HbsAg (anti-HBc, anti-HBe, anti-HBs); SN: Negative for all HBV markers; OHBI: Occult hepatitis B infection; ND: No detectable by Cobas Monitor Amplicor Roche V. 1.5.

Table 2 Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA regions, serologic markers, and ART treatment in 24 human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients identified with occult hepatitis B infection

Patient ID	HBV serological markers			qPCR1		C-nested PCR	RNA HIV (CV) Log10 c/mm3	HAART Tx	HBV Tx2
	αHBc	αHBs	αHBe	S	X
SP
HBVO-04	+	-	-	+	+	+	3.1	+	-
HBVO-05	+	-	-	+	+	+	3.2	+	3TC
HBVO-07	+	+	-	-	-	+	ND	+	-
HBVO-17	+	-	+	+	+	+	2.4	+	TDF
HBVO-22	+	+	-	+	+	+	ND	+	3TC
HBVO-27	+	+	+	+	+	+	ND	+	TDF/FTC
HBVO-31	+	+	+	+	+	+	4.3	+	3TC
HBVO-32	+	+	+	+	+	+	2.2	+	3TC
HBVO-36	+	-	-	+	+	+	4.3	+	-
HBVO-47	+	-	+	+	+	+	5.1	-	-
HBVO-49	+	+	+	+	+	+	ND	+	-
HBVO-54	+	+	+	+	+	+	3.6	+	TDF/FTC
HBVO-75	+	+	+	+	+	+	ND	+	TDF/FTC
SN
HBVO-03	-	-	-	+	+	+	5	O	-
HBVO-08	-	-	-	-	-	+	1.7	+	3TC
HBVO-18	-	-	-	+	+	+	2.6	+	-
HBVO-20	-	-	-	+	+	+	3.3	+	3TC
HBVO-26	-	-	-	+	+	+	3.9	+	-
HBVO-33	-	-	-	+	-	+	3	+	TDF
HBVO-34	-	-	-	+	+	+	2.7	+	-
HBVO-35	-	-	-	+	-	+	2.4	+	-
HBVO-38	-	-	-	+	-	+	ND	+	-
HBVO-39	-	-	-	+	+	+	ND	+	-
HBVO-45	-	-	-	+	+	+	ND	+	TDF
Frequency (%)						49

¹qPCR: Real time PCR utilizing SyberGreen assay;

²ARV treatment included tenofovir (TDF). HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; SP: Seropositive (one or more HBV serological marker: anti-HBc, anti-HBe, anti-HBs); SN: Negative for all HBV markers; ND: No detectable; S: Surface ORF; X: Protein X ORF; C: Core ORF; Tx: Treatment; TDF/FTC: Tenofovir/emtricitabine; 3TC: Lamivudine; O: Other ARV treatment (IFN).

Table 3 Analysis of potential risk variables associated with hepatitis B virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients

	HBV DNA
	Positive (n = 24)n (%)	Negative (n = 25)n (%)	χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
Gender
Male	17 (71)	20 (80)	0.55	0.45	0.60	0.16-2.26
Female	7 (29)	5 (20)
Age
< 45 yr	12 (50)	12 (48)	0.02	0.88	0.92	0.30-2.83
≥ 45 yr	12 (50)	13 (52)
Seropositive for any marker (SP)
Yes	13 (54)	14 (56)	0.01	0.89	0.92	0.30-2.86
No	11 (46)	11 (44)
HIV RNA VL > 50 copies/mL
Detectable	15 (63)	4 (16)	11.15	0.001	8.75	2.26-33.79
No detectable	9 (37)	21 (84)
ARV-treatment
Yes	24 (96)	23 (96)	-	1.01	1.04	0.06-17.68
No	1 (4)	1 (4)
With TDF/FTC or 3TC
Yes	13 (54)	20 (80)	3.72	0.052	0.25	0.08-1.05
No	11 (46)	5 (20)
CD4+
< 200 cell/mm3	2 (8)	3 (12)	-	1.01	0.66	0.10-4.38
> 200 cell/mm3	22 (92)	22 (88)

¹Fisher’s exact test;

²α = 95%, β = 80%, OR = 0.29 with the same percentages.