Pharmacological interventions for improved colonic anastomotic healing: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Studies on the immunomodulators iloprost and tacrolimus in colonic anastomotic healing

Study	Compound	Species	Sex	Sample size1	Dosage (mg/kg)	Route	Test	Test day	Effects2
Bostanoğlu et al[12]	Iloprost	Rat	Male	40	0.002	IP	BPR	3/7	↑82/NS
Galanopoulos et al[13]	Iloprost	Rat	Male	40	0.002	IP	BPR	4/8	↑56/NS
Vasiliadis et al[14]	Iloprost	Rat	Male	20	0.002	IP	BPR	5/8	↑78/NS
Kiyama et al[15]	Tacrolimus	Rat	Male	42	0.01/0.1/1.0	SC	BPR	4	↑23/↑33/↑27
Raptis et al[16]	Tacrolimus	Rat	Male	40	0.1	SC	BPR	4/8	↑60/↑43
Schäffer et al[17]	Tacrolimus	Rat	Male	24	2.0	SC	BPR	5	NS

¹Total number of animals;

²↑% increase (P < 0.05) or ↓% decrease (P < 0.05) vs controls. NS: Not statistically significant; BPR: Bursting pressure; IP: Intraperitoneal; SC: Subcutaneous.

Table 3 Studies on exogenous oxygen in colonic anastomotic healing

Study	Species	Sex	Sample size1	Dosage	Test	Test day	Effects2
Erenoğlu et al[59]	Rat	Male	20	Hyperbaric	BPR	7	NS
Hamzaoğlu et al[60]	Rat	Male	20	Hyperbaric	BPR	4	↑18
Kirk et al[61]	Rat	Male	36	50%	BWT	7	NS
Yagci et al[62]	Rat	Male	40	Hyperbaric3/4/5	BPR	5	NS/NS/NS

¹Total number of animals;

²↑% increase (P < 0.05) or ↓% decrease (P < 0.05) vs controls; ³Preoperative; ⁴Postoperative; ⁵Preoperative and postoperative. BPR: Bursting pressure; BWT: Bursting wall tension; NS: Not statistically significant.

Table 4 Studies on matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in colonic anastomotic healing

Study	Compound	Species	Sex	Sample size1	Dosage (mg/kg)	Route	Test	Test day	Effect2
de Hingh et al[79]	BB-94	Rat	Male	60	30	IP	BPR/BST	1	NS/NS
							BPR/BST	3	↑54/↑27
							BPR/BST	7	NS/NS
Kiyama et al[80]	BE16627B	Rat	Male	21	About 10	SC	BPR	4	↑28
Pasternak et al[81]	Doxycycline	Rat	Male	40	NA	LO	BST	3	↑17
Siemonsma et al[82]	Doxycycline	Rat	Male	80	About 40	SC	BPR/BST	1	NS/NS
						SC	BPR/BST	3	↑93/↑27
						PO	BPR/BST	3	↑36/NS
						SC	BPR/BST	5	NS/NS
Syk et al[7]	BB-1101	Rat	Male	48	30	SC	BST	1/3/7	NS/↑48/NS
Ågren et al[8]	AG3340	Rat	Male	120	10	SC	BST	3	↑47
	GM6001	Rat	Male		10/100	SC	BST	3	↑79/↑88

¹Total number of animals;

²↑% increase (P < 0.05) or ↓% decrease (P < 0.05) vs controls; BPR: Bursting pressure; BST: Breaking strength; IP: Intraperitoneal; LO: Local; NA: Not applicable; SC: Subcutaneous; NS: Not statistically significant.

Table 2 Studies on the hormones erythropoietin and growth hormone, and the growth factor insulin-like growth factor-1 in colonic anastomotic healing

Study	Compound	Species	Sex	Sample size1	Dosage2	Route	Test	Test day	Effects3
Faruquzzaman et al[34]	EPO	Guinea pig	Male	20	500	SC	BPR	7	NS
Fatouros et al[19]	EPO	Rat	Male	30	500	SC	BST	7	↑37
Kaemmer et al[35]	EPO	Rat	Male	20	5000	SC	BPR	3/5	NS/↑82
Moran et al[36]	EPO	Rat	Male	20	500	SC	BPR	7	NS
Ozel Turkcu et al[37]	EPO	Rat	Male	16	500	IM	BPR	7	↑93
Adas et al[38]	GH	Rat	Male	20	2.0	SC	BPR	4	↑16
Christensen et al[39]	GH	Rat	Female	72	2.0	SC	BPR	2/4/6	↑104/↑232/NS
Christensen et al[40]	GH	Rat	Female	72	2.0	SC	BPR	2/4/6	↑55/NS/NS
Christensen et al[41]	GH	Rat	Female	50	0.125/0.5/2.0/8.0	SC	BPR	4	NS/NS/↑270/↑430
Christensen et al[42]	GH	Rat	Female	36	2.04/5/6	SC	BST	4	NS/↑34/↑59
Karahasanoglu et al[43]	GH	Rat	Male	20	2.0	SC	BPR	4	↑11
Egger et al[44]	IGF-1	Rat	Male	76	1.0	IP	BPR	2/4/6	↑62/↑67/↑61
Mantzoros et al[45]	IGF-1	Rat	Female	40	2.0	IP	BPR	7	↑25
Petersen et al[46]	IGF-1	Rat	Female	26	about 2.5	SC	BST	3	NS
Zacharakis et al[47]	IGF-1	Rat	Male	40	2.0	IP	BPR	7	↑29

¹Total number of animals;

²EPO: IU/kg; GH: mg/kg; IGF-1: mg/kg;

³↑% increase (P < 0.05) or ↓% decrease (P < 0.05) vs controls; ⁴Preoperative; ⁵Postoperative; ⁶Preoperative and postoperative. BPR: Bursting pressure; BST: Breaking strength; EPO: Erythropoietin; GH: Growth hormone; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; IM: Intramuscular; IP: Intraperitoneal; SC: Subcutaneous; NS: Not statistically significant.